lecture 4 fungi

Phylum ascomycota - sac/cup fungi morel

Phylum zygomycota (black bread molds,conjugation / zygote fungi)i- wheat rust

Phylum basidiomycota club fungi - bracket fungus

Lichen types-crustose,foliose-fruticose

ge

general charactertiscs of fungi

eukaryotic, haploid dominant, cell wall made of chitin, mostly multicellular, yeast uni, vegetative bodies called hyphae, mycelium is. fmat of hyphae usually subter

general characterstics 2

absorptive hets, extracellular digestion; 3 feeding modes: saprobic, parasitic, mutualism;

only three types of speiailzed cells: 1 haustoria, straw like feeing tube inserts into host

2 rhizoids root like hyphae

3 reproductive cells

asexual reproduction by spores

sexual when conditions change

gener

general characteristics 3 

cells separated by hyphae

cells w are mononucleated

cells that lack are coenocytic multi

cell type determines life cycle stage; dikaryon has two distince, hetereokaryotic, more than two in one mycelium

fungi life cycle

phylum chytridiomycota

not true

chytrids

found in lakes and soil

soem are saprobes, others are parasitic

diverged early

unique bc flagellated spores called zoosporesphy

phylum zygomycota/mucoromycota

black bread molds

sometimes referred to as zygote fungi or conjugation fungi

coenocytic

major group of mycorrhizal fungi

rhizopus has rhizoids

phylum zygomocota 2

form zygosprangium during sexual - freeze and dessication resistant

pilobolus can aim psores toward favorable enviroment, shotgun fungus

rhizopus

phylum glomeromycota

no gnerally accepted common name

formerly thought to be part of zygomytcota

form arbuscular mycorrhizae, where tipes push into plant roots and branch

90% of all plants have mutualization realtishios with

phylum ascomycota

sac/cup fungi

largest and most diverse

in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater

includes yeast, truggles, powdery mildwes, and ergot

main fungal component of lichen

symbiotic fungus x cyano or green algae

phylum ascomycota 2

asexual/imperfect results in a conidia

sexual results in formation of an ascocarp containing tube like asci

ascocarp - fruiting bodies

cleistothecium - no opening

perithecium. enclosed w a narrow opening

apothecium 0 open

Schizosaccharomyces octosporus

Penicillium

condiida asexual reproductive strucutre

Aspergillus

condidia asex reproductive structure

Ascomycete life cycle

phylum deuteromycota

candida

imperfect

no document sexual, if so, will be ascomycota

candida causes some yeast infections

phylum basidiomycota

club fungi

includes bracket/shelf fungi, toadstools, mushrooms, smuts, rusts, and puff balls

asex uncommon

sexual results in formation of basidispores produced on club like basidia

Coprinus

basiomycete life cycle

mushroom anatomy

lichen

symbiotic fungi x cyano or green algae

fungus overall shape and mass

• can secrete acids that aid in mineral. uptake

• some are toxic/prevent grazing

algal is internal

• provides sguars from photosynthesis

  • if present, cyano fixes atmosphere nitrogen for fungi

lichen types

foliose, crustose, fruticose

lichen thallus