Exam 2 - part 10, hemostasis

the start of hemostasis is vascular spasm. This involves prompt ___ of a broken vessel to protect against blood loss. How long can this spasm last?

constriction, minutes-hours

if there is direct injury to a muscle, local ___ spasm will happen

myogenic

what are some granulues inside platelets that are released to cause VC of damaged tissue

serotonin, thromboxane A2

the second step of hemostasis is platelet plug formation. This involves damage to a vessel causing ___ to be exposed. ___ will be released to cause platelets to adhere

collagen, Von Willebrand factor

platelet pseudopods stick to damaged vessels and other platelets and they ___ to pull together a platelet plug

contract

when platelets degranulate, they release many substances, wat are 3 of these

serotonin- VC

ADP- attracts and degranulates more platelets

thromboxane A2 - VC

the final step of hemostasis involves coagulation. This is the last and most effective defense against bleeding. During this step, there is conversion of ____ into insoluble ___ threads to form the framework of the clot

fibrinogen, fibrin

what produces procoagulants? where are they present

liver, plasma

factors released by damaged tissues begin the cascade in the ____ pathway

external

factors found in the blood being cascade in the ___ pathway

internal

name of clotting factor 12

hageman

name of clotting factor 9

christmas

name of clotting factor 8

von willebrand

name of clotting factor 10

stuart

name of clotting factor 5

labial

name of clotting factor 1

fibrinogen

name of clotting factor 1a

fibrin

name of clotting factor 13

fibrin stabilizing factor

factor 10, 5, calcium, and phospholipids form what

prothrombase complex

activation of factor X and V leads to production of ____ which then converts ___ to ____

prothrombin activator, prothrombin, thrombin

thrombin converts ___ to ___

fibrinogen, fibrin

what factor crosslinks with fibrin polymer strands

13

clot retraction occurs within ___ minutes

30

what is fibrinolysis

dissolution of a clot

which factor can speed up formation of kallikrein enzyme which converts plasminogen into plasmin to dissolve fibrin

12

what lines endothelium of blood vessels to prevent clots

prostacyclin

hemophilia A is missing what factor

8

hemophilia B is missing what facor

9

hemophilia c is missing which factor

11

what are some treatments for hemophilia

transfusion of plasma or purified clotting factors

why are vitamin K antagonists such as coumarin and warfarin used to prevent clots

vitamin k is required for formation of factors 2,7,9,10

what is used to suppress thromboxane A2 in order to prevent clots

aspirin

leeches, snake venom, and antithrombin III are all ____ that are used in prevention of clots

anticoagulants

what is an enzyme produced by bacteria that converts plasminogen into plasma to dissolve clots

streptokinase

what is the faster, more specific method of dissolving clots

TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

TPA binds to ____ while streptokinase does not

fibrin

what is an enzyme produced by giant amazon leech which breaks down fibrinogen to dissolve clots

hemantin