Studied by 122 people
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Pete Cartwright
Methodist “circuit rider”’ and frontier preacher
often physical — knocked out people who disagreed with him
Charles Finney
greatest of the revival preachers
led massive revivals in Rochester and NYC
innovator
allowed sinners to sit near the congregation
women were encouraged to pray aloud in public
denounced alcohol and slavery
William Miller
leader of the Millerites/Adventists
believed that Christ would come back October 22, 1844
Joseph Smith
believed that he read scriptures from golden tablets
formed the Mormons
faced opposition from their neighbors
succeeded by Brigham Young
Brigham Young
successor of Joseph Smith
led the Mormons along the “Mormon Trail” in Utah
prospered under his management
Horace Mann
campaigned for better schoolhouses, longer semesters, higher pay for teachers, and an expanded curriculum,
influenced other states to revise their education system
Noah Webster
known as the “Schoolmaster of the Republic
his reading lessons were used by millions of children
published his famous dictionary in 1828
helped standardized the American language
William H. McGuffey
write books about morality, patriotism, and idealism
sold millions of copies of McGuffey’s Readers
Emma Willard
established the Troy Female Seminary in 1821
Mary Lyon
established the Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts
Dorothea Dix
assembled reports on the cruelty of insanity asylums
wrote a petition to Massachusetts legislature in 1843 describing her observations
caused improved conditions
T. S. Arthur
wrote Ten Nights in Barroom and What I Saw There in 1854
described how a village was ruined by alcohol
Neal S. Dow
spoke out about the debauching effect of alcohol
called the “Father of Prohibition”
sponsored the Maine Law of 1851 which prohibited the manufacture and sale of liquor
Catharine Breecher
urged women to seek employment as teachers
still celebrated the role of women in the Cult of Domesticity
Lucretia Mott
was not recognized in the London antislavery convention
advocated for women suffrage
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
left out the word, “obey” in her wedding vows
read a “Declaration of Sentiments” which declared that men and women were equal in the Women’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls
Susan B. Anthony
lecturer for women’s rights and motivated other women to speak up
Elizabeth Blackwell
first female graduate of a medical college
Sarah and Angelina Grinke (Grinke Sisters)
championed antislavery
Lucy Stone
kept her maiden name after marriage
“Lucy Stoners”
Amelia Bloomer
revolted against the traditional female attire by wearing short skirts
Robert Owen
founded New Harmony, Indiana in 1825
consisted of hard-working visionaries however eventually failed due to confusion
Mother Ann Lee
founded Shakers who were a sect that was democratically free
Nathaniel Bowdith
advancements in practical navigation
Matthew F. Maury
advancements on ocean winds and currents
Benjamin Silliman
most influential American scientist in the early 1800s
pioneer chemist and geologist
Louis Agassiz
Swiss student of biology
insisted on original research rather than memory
Asa Gray
wrote over 350 books and papers — set the standards for interest
John J. Audubon
painted wildfowl in their natural habitat
illustrated Birds of America
Sylvester Graham
created fad diets consisting of whole-wheat bread and crackers
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
denounced the use of old medicine
“if all the medicines were thrown into the sea, the people would be better off and the fish worse”
Gilbert Stuart
produced several portraits of Washington
painted the one on the $1 bill
Washington Irving
first American to win international recognition as a literary figure
James Fenimore Cooper
gained world fame by using New World themes
write The Spy, which was a store about the American Revolution
William Cullen Bryant
wrote “Thanatopsis”
one of the first high-quality poems from the United States
gained applause from the Old World
Stephen Foster
wrote songs capturing the spirit of the slaves
Old Folks at Home, better known as Suwanee River
Ralph Waldo Emerson
former Unitarian pastor turned writer and lyceum speaker.
His most famous writing/speech was Self Reliance which stressed individualism. He also urged Americans to declare independence from Europe in terms of art, literature, thinking, etc.
Emerson was the Transcendentalist with the credentials, success, and the "big name.
Henry David Thoreau
Tired of "modern" society, Thoreau spent two years living in the woods off of nothing but what he could make, grow, or trade for.
Strong influence later on Mahatma Gandhi and then Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Walt Whitman
Wrote Leaves of Grass
encouraged people to live their lives to the fullest and holler out a "barbaric yawp."
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
popular poet with "Evangeline," "The Tales of Hiawatha," and "The Courtship of Miles Standish."
John Greenleaf Whittier
wrote poems that barked against social injustice like slavery.
James Russell Lowell
wrote satirical poetry that criticized social wrongs, such as Biglow Papers
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
poet who wrote "The Last Leaf" to honor the last "white Indian" of the Boston Tea Party.
William Gillmore Simms
known as "the Cooper of the South."
wrote of southern life during the American Revolution.
Edgar Allen Poe
credited with inventing the "psychological thriller."
His poems and stories often dealt with the ghostly and the macabre.
"The Raven," "The Fall of the House of Usher," and many others.
Nathaniel Hawthorne
explored the idea of original sin wit works such as The House of Seven Gables and The Scarlet Letter
George Bancroft
helped found the Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD
his history of the U.S. earned him the title of "Father of American History."
William H. Prescott
wrote histories detailing the conquests of Mexico and Peru
Herman Melville
wrote Moby Dick, the allegorical tale of good vs. evil
Francis Parkman
wrote the history of England and France's struggle for control of North America
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