BSC 216 LAB EXAM 2 ENDOCRINE ONLY

Identify the structures

cranial cavity

Thyroid gland

Thymus gland

Pancreas

Ovaries

Testes

Identify the structures

right side arrows

Hypothalamus

Pineal gland

posterior pituitary gland

adrenal medulla

left side arrows

anterior pituitary gland

thyroid gland

parathyroid glands

adrenal cortex

Hypothalamus

inferior part of the diencephalon, a region of the forebrain that plays a major role in homeostasis, including acting as the control center for the ANS by regulating body temp, appetite, thirst, sleep cycles, and other functions

inhibit and stimulate secretion from anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

Regulates the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland

Hypothalamus portal system

sends releasing and inhibiting hormones directly to the anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

Inhibiting and releasing hormones, oxytocin, and ADH are produced here

Oxytocin

uterine contractions, milk ejection

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

responsible for water retention from kidneys

Pituitary Gland

The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Master gland

Connected to hypothalamus via infundibulum

Sits within the sella turcica and is composed of two distinct portions: anterior and posterior

Label the pituitary histology

1. Anterior Lobe

2. Posterior lobe

3. Basophil cells (remember purple ring)

4. Acidophil cells (remember pink ring)

5. Neuroglia (remember no ring)

Label the Cranial cavity

1. Corpus Callosum

2. Thalamus

3. Pineal gland

4. Hypothalamus

5. Brain stem

6. Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

ignore this

ignore this

Tropic hormones

- 4/6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

- they regulate other endocrine glands via negative feedback

anterior pituitary hormones

GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

posterior pituitary

stores oxytocin and ADH; DOES NOT produce hormones

These hormones above are transported along the axons to axon terminals in the posterior pituitary, where they are stored until release

Pineal Gland

produces melatonin (responds to decreased light; triggers sleep)

Thyroid gland

produces Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Calcitonin

Thyroid gland

Located in the anterior portion of the neck, consists of right and left lobes connected by the isthmus

Composed of follicles, filled with colloid, made of follicular cells that produce the thyroid hormones

Label the Thyroid gland

1. Larynx

2. Thyroid gland (right lobe)

3. Ishmus

4. Thyroid gland (left lobe)

5. Trachea

Label the parathyroid glands

1. Pharynx (posterior aspect)

2. Esophagus

3. Trachea

4. Thyroid gland

5. Parathyroid glands

Label the histology and name what the left picture is

Left picture

1. Thryoid gland

2. parathyroid gland

3. Capillary

4. Parathyroid (chief) cells

5. Oxyphil cells

Thyroxine (T4)

inactive; converts to T3

Triiodothyronine (T3)

active form; increases metabolic rate

Parathyroid glands

Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid hormone

maintains calcium homeostasis

Thymus

Produces thymosin, thymopoetitin

(not on adult torso models in lab)

Thymus

located in the mediastinum, rather large during infancy and childhood but shrinks significantly during adulthood

Label the structure of the Thymus

1. right lobe

2. left lobe

3. adipose tissue

4. Thymic lobule

Label the histology and identify what it is

Thymus

5. Capsule

6. Cortex

7. medulla

8. Epithelial reticular cells

9. Thymic corpuscle

Thymus in Newborns vs Adult

Note the size

Thymosin and Thymopoetin

stimulates development of T cells

Adrenal gland

sits just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

consists of 2 parts, a cortex and medulla

Source of norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex

the outer portion of the adrenal glands

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

gonadocorticoids

regulate stress response

Adrenal medulla

epinephrine (fight or flight) and norepinephrine

Pancreas

produces insulin and glucagon

Consists of a head, body, and tail

located posterior to the stomach

insulin

decreases blood glucose

Glucagon

increases blood glucose

Study

Label

right side

Hypothalamus

infundibulum

posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

left side

optic chiasma

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Label the histology and what it is

Pituitary

1. pars intermedia

2. stalk

3. anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

4. posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Label the histology and what it is

Thyroid gland

1. Parafollicular Cells

2. Blood vessel

3. Follicle cells

4.Thyroid follicle containing colloid

Label the histology and what it is

Thyroid gland

5. Principal cells

6. Colloid

7. Parafollicular cells

Label the histology/anatomy and what it is (I know I forgot to give one a number, still label it)

Adrenal gland

1. adrenal gland

2. kidney

3. Cupsule

4. Adrenal cortex

5. Adrenal medulla

6. Capsule

Missing number: Zona glomerulosa

7. Zona fasciculata

8. Zona reticularis

9. Adrenal medulla

Zona glomerulosa cells produce...

mineralocorticoid

Zona fasciculata cells produce...

glucocorticoid cortisol

Zona reticularis cells produce...

glucocorticoid cortisol and small amounts of androgenic steroids

Label the histology and what it is

Cortex

Medulla

Label the pancreas

1. Stomach

2. Pancreas

3. Head of pancreas

4. Duodenum

5. Body of pancreas

6. Tail of pancreas

7. Pancreatic artery

Label the histology and what it is

Pancreas

1. Acinar cells

2. Pancreatic islet

3. Pancreatic blood vessel

4. Alpha cell

5. Beta cell

6. Delta cell

Alpha cell

secretes glucagon

beta cell

secretes insulin

Delta cell

secrete somatostatin

Know what it is and these labeled areas

Thymus

Negative Feedback Loops

- Each hormone has it's own stimulus for secretion (disturbance of homeostasis)

- Stimulus causes the organ to secrete the hormone into the blood stream

- Hormone acts on target cells to restore homeostasis

- Once restored, hormone concentration and gland activity

The endocrine system

Works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis and to regulate the functions of cells throughout the body

Hormones

powerful chemical substances released into the blood or interstitial fluid. Target specific cells to produce a response

The release of hormones may be triggered by the content of the blood (_____) , by other hormones (_____), or by an action potential or nerve impulse (_____)

humoral control

hormonal control

neural control