BY 124L Pig Intro

Transverse Plane

Cranial/Superior

Caudal/Inferior

Rostral

Frontal plane

dorsal/posterior

Ventral/Anterior

Proximal

Distal

Sagittal Plane

Medial

Lateral

Posture classification for pigs

Digitigrade  

Cremaster muscles

Retract testes

Glottis

Opening to airway

Epiglottis

surrounding elastic cartilage tissue around the glottis. covers glottis during swallowing

Esophagus

Ends at top of stomach\

Tube from pharynx to stomach

Nasopharynx

Connects air from nostrils to airway

Incisor

1st tooth on either side

Use for biting through things

Canine

2nd tooth on either side

Used fro tearing

Molars

Used for grinding

Thyroid gland

hormonal control of metabolism

Diaphragm

Sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity 

Unique to mammals

Allows for a lot of mammalian vocalizations 

Thymus

Immune sustem

Liver

Stores excess glucose as glycogen

Breaks down and recycles red blood cells

Converts ammonia waste into urea, naturally makes cholesterol

Detoxifies blood

Fibrinogen- clotting

Gallbladder

stores bile from liver

Connects to small intestine 

pepsinogen

activated by hydrochloric acid and pepsin to make pepsin

Cecum

= to appendix

houses bacteria that break down cellulose

Large Intestine

Used for water reclamation; feces production; has symbiotic E. coli

Pancreas

digestive and endocrine systems

Secretes sodium bicarbonate to raise pH if things leaving the stomach

Amylase produced

Controls sugar w glucagon and insulin

Spleen

Works withe immune system

Breaks down red blood cells

Site of maturation for some white blood cells

Islets of Langerhans

endocrine pancreas

Insulin, glucagon

10%

Duodenum

Submucosa contains Brunner’s Glands- rings of cuboidal cells

Jejunum

Submucosa contains only connective tissue

Most of nutreint absorption occurs here

Illeum 

Submucosa contains Peyer’s Patches- big purple splotches

Lymph nodes

80% of immune system works w digestive system  

Parotid

Produces salivary amylase

Largest set, located closer to back of mouth

Dark purple

Sublingal

Produces mucus

Flat, thin, granulated tissue on mandibular duct

Big white cells

Submandibular

Produces 50/50 salivary amylase and mucus

Darker and larger than parotid gland