Chem Chapter 3

what does a chemical reaction do?

it builds upon chemical formulae to concisely represent a chemical reaction

what is a chemical equation?

represents the transformation of one or more chemical species into new substances

what are reactants?

the original materials (written on left hand side of equation)

what are products?

the newly formed compounds (written on the right hand side of equation)

what does (s) stand for?

solid

what does (l) stand for?

liquid

what does (g) stand for?

gas

what does (aq) stand for?

aqueous (dissolved in water)

what does (Δ) stand for?

thermal reaction

what does (hv) stand for?

photochemical reaction

what is the law of conservation of matter?

matter is neither created nor destroyed

how is the law of conservation of matter shown in chemical reactions?

the same number of atoms for each element must occur on both sides of the reaction arrow

what are stoichiometric coefficients?

numbers used to balance chemical equations

what is stoichiometry?

the quantitative relationships between reactants and products

what is a solution?

homogenous mixture of two or more substances

what is a solvent?

solution component present in greatest amount 

what is a solute?

solution component present in lesser amount

what is concentration?

the relative amounts of solute and solvent

what does it mean if a solution is concentrated?

many solute particles are present

what does it mean if a solution is dilute>

a few solute particles are present

Are group 1 cations soluble?

yes

Is NO3 and NO2 soluble?

yes

are Cl Br, or I soluble?

yes

Is F soluble?

yes

Is SO²- _4 soluble?

yes

is ClO3 or ClO4 soluble?

yes

is CH3COO soluble?

yes

is PO³-_4 soluble?

no

Is CO²-_3 soluble?

no

is OH- soluble?

no

is S²- soluble?

yes

what are electrolytes?

soluble compounds that conduct electricity when dissolved in water

what do weak electrolytes do?

dissociate partially into ions

what do strong electrolytes do?

dissociate completely into ions

what are nonelectrolytes?

substances whos solutions don’t conduct electricity

what are dissociation reactions?

when ionic solids dissolve in water and decompose into their ions

true or false: dissociation reactions are electrolytes

true

what is a molecular equation?

a chemical equation that shows the complete formula for each compound

what is a total ionic equation?

a chemical equation that shows the dissociation of reactants and products

are spectator ions involved in chemical reactions?

no

what is a net ionic equation?

a total ionic equation without the spectator ions

what are acids?

substances that dissolve in water to produce H+ or H3O+ ios

what are bases?

substances that dissolve in water to produce OH- ions

how do you know if something is a strong acid or base?

they completely dissociate in water

how do you know if something is a weak acid or base?

they partially dissociate in water (shown with a two way arrow)

when does neutralization occur?

when you mix an acid and base, and the resulting solution is neither acidic nor basic

what is a precipitation reaction?

an aqueous reaction that produces a solid precipitate

what is microscopic interpretation?

when reactions are visualized between individual molecules

what is macroscopic interpretation?

when reactions are visualized in bulk quantities

what is a mole?

a means of counting the large number of particles in samples

what is avogadro’s number?

6.022×10^ 23 particles/mole

what is the molar mass of any element?

6.022×10^ 23 atoms

how are mole ratios provided?

through the coefficients in balanced chemical reactions

what is the molar mass of a compound?

the sum of the molar masses of all atoms in a compound

what does molar mass help with?

the conversion from mass to the number of moles

what does avogadro’s number help with?

the conversion from moles to the number of particles

what is elemental analysis?

labratory procedure that determines the mass percentage of each element in a compound

what is molarity/ molar concentration?

the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

what’s the equation of molarity?

moles of solute/liter of solution

what is dilution?

a process in which solvent is added to a solution to decrease the concentration of the solute

what is the equation that demonstrates molarity and volume in dilution?

Mi * Vi = Mf * Vf