KSU ASI 102 Exam

What is the environmental affect on animals?

it affects the degree to which genetic potential is expressed

what factors affect animal productivity?

nutrition, disease, breeding, climate, managers, and facilities

what are the 2 general classifications of animals?

cold blooded (exotherms) and warm blooded (endotherms)

can exotherms maintain their own maintain a constant body temperature?

no, they don't maintain a constant body temperature

what is an advantage exotherms have?

energy conservation

what is a disadvantage of exotherms?

they cannot thrive in diverse climates

what is another name for exotherms?

poikilotherms

can endotherms maintain a constant body temperature?

yes, they can?

true or false: all farm animals are exotherms?

false they're endotherms

what is another name for an endotherm?

homeotherm

what is the constant body temp formula?

heat produced + heat received = heat loss

what are the 4 major avenues of heat loss?

radiation (rd), Conduction (cd), Convection (cd), Evaporation (ev)

what is radiation?

the exchange of heat between objects that aren't touching ex. heat from the sun (+ or -)

what is conduction?

flow from warm to cold objects that are touching ex. touching cold concrete (+ or -)

what is convection?

flow of heat through air or water ex. jumping into cold water

what is evaporation?

flow of heat via vaporization from the lungs or sweat from the skin

what is the heat balance equation?

Change in temp=+-Rd+-cd+-cv+-ev+-hp=0

What is the worst combination for heat in animals?

hot days and hot nights

What is the thermoneutral zone (TNZ)?

the range of temp where an animal is comfortable (neither too hot or too cold)

what are the 5 ways to tell if an animal is in TNZ?

they're comfortable, healthy, in their chosen environment, lowest maintenance, maximum gain+efficiency

hypothermia

freeze to death

Hyperthermia

die of heat stress

what can help tolerance to cold?

increased insulation

what are 3 good insulators?

fat layer, hair layer, and air

true or false: small animals have increased surface area to mass

true

weight or metabolic size are a function of what?

heat production

windchill can increase....

cold stress

effective temperature

the sum of all the environmental effects on the animal, imcluding temp, humidity, and windchill

what are methods used to control stress?

wind breaks, heated rooms

true or false: heat stress has a higher mortality

true

animals productivity is decreased....

when under heat and cold stress

can animals loose body heat easily?

no, it depends on the animals ability to sweat

reproductive efficiency is decreased when under what?

heat stress

what do water requirements do under heat stress?

increase by 2-5 times over normal to help loose body heat

what are methods to control heat stress?

shade, evaporative cooling systems, and refrigerative cooling

LOOK AT THE TNZ GRAPHS

what are the other stressful environmental factors

noise pollution, light, radiation, mud, required space, manure, and social

piloerection

goosebumps

animal behavior is the role of what?

stocksmanship and husbandry

what are the general views of behavior?

reaction to stimuli, differences of species and breeds, instinctive behaviors, learned responses, sometimes animals exhibit reasoning, docility

what are the 4 factors of behavior?

genetics, environment, novelty, and past experience

what are learned responses?

habituation, conditioning, reinforcements

true or false: domestic species tend to be gregarious

true

what behavior do herds quickly establish

social rank

social behavior is important in....

confinement

castration lowers the what of animals?

social rank

combative activity is a sign of...

agnostic behavior

is agnostic behavior more common in males or females?

males

what is agnostic behavior used to influence?

the number of males mated

what is vital for propagation?

sexual behavior

true or false: sexual behavior is a learned behavior

true

some males are more what than others

sexually active

what are some maternal behaviors?

seeking seclusion around parturition, some make nests, destroying evidence of birth, bonding

what are ingestive behaviors?

nursing, grazing, and sometimes overeating

eliminative behavior

hogs and horses are concerned where the defecate, while cattle and chicken arent

what are some learning behaviors?

trial and error, feeding practices, teaching, rewards and punishment, and flighty animals teach BAD behavior

domestic species love to live alone or in groups?

groups

how do animals breed?

promiscuously, they do not mate for life.

what specie is the most gregarious?

sheep

what are some basic cattle behaviors?

theyre vigilant, have a wide range of vision, strong senses of smell, and acute hearing

what are some herd animal behaviors?

protection while foraging, most comfortable in groups, violent when separated from the herd

what is the flight zone?

the zone an animals has to move related to perceiving a predator or danger

the flight zone is used to....

move cattle by foot, dog, or horseback

the size of the flight zone changes with...

experience or genetics of the animals

how large is a dairy cow's flight zone?

almost nonexistent

how large is a range cattle's flight zone?

pretty big.

outside flight zone

heads

inside flight zone

tails

what is the position of balance (POB)?

the working position located adjacent to the shoulder of the animal (edge of the FZ)

what does moving ahead if the POB do?

stops the animal, makes it turn around, or move backward

what does moving behind the POB do?

moves the animal forward

what do people use animals for?

fur, sport, food, religion, exhibition, work, biomedical, research

what is animal liberation?

extreme view of animal rights

animal welfare

a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties

animal welfare politics

moderate not new

animal rights politics

radical and departs from the norm

animal welfare concepts

state of being

animal welfare rights

entitlements

animal welfare philosophy

utilitarian, the cost/benefits of action and society

animal rights philosophy

animals are our equals

what 3 issues do consumers and producers agree on?

1. animals must have good food and water
2. animals must have adequate comfort
3. euthanasia

what is the organizational structure

exploitation-----liberation
welfare

animal exploitation

dominionistic attitude (my dog my rules)

animal physical well being

state of clinical health

animal philosophical well-being

good health, free of distress, specie typical behavior, adapted to enviroment

what does IACUC stand for?

institutional animal care and use committee

IACUC is a wide based group of.....

researchers, administrators, veterinarians, and one non ag related person

what does IACUC do?

reviews all research protocols, inspects all animal safety facilities for safety, cleanliness and compliance, they look for a better way

what is the general welfare criteria

freedom from hunger and thirst (malnutrition), proper shelter, preventative and treatment of disease and injury, and freedom to display normal behavior patterns

what are some approaches to confinement stress?

changing the environment, changing the animal (selective breeding), therapeutic application (tail docking)

what is ruminant tongue

strongest muscle in the body, used to grasp things

bolus

A soft mass of chewed food.

what do the ruminant salivary glands do

mastication, swallowing and forming bolus

what do the salivary glands contain?

lipase

what does the esophagus do

brings things back up

the reticulum aids in

regurgitation and fermentation

what does the reticulum trap?

indigestible materials

what is the rumen

large fermentation vat where bacteria and protozoa work

true or false diet changes in ruminants must be gradual

true

What is the omasum?

many layers that the move particles from the reticulum to the abomasum