Biological Correlates with Criminal Behavior

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the biological and environmental correlates of criminal behavior as discussed in the lecture.

Adoption Studies

Research methods used to examine the influence of genetics and environment by studying individuals who were adopted and raised in different environments.

Twin Studies

Research methods that involve comparing traits of identical (monozygotic) twins raised together versus apart to determine the influence of genetics.

Monozygotic Twins

Identical twins that originate from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, sharing 100% of their genetic material.

Heritability

The proportion of observable differences in a trait among individuals that is due to genetic factors.

Genotyping

The process of determining the genetic variants in an individual's DNA that may influence specific traits.

Behavior Genetics

The study of the relationship between genetics and behavior, particularly how genetic predispositions can influence antisocial behavior.

Natural Selection

The process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another, which may have a genetic basis, making it difficult to teach.

Low Self-Control

A trait often attributed to behavioral issues, potentially influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors.

Criminal Behavior

Actions that violate laws set by society, which may have evolved as normal behaviors in response to environmental pressures.

Environmental Influences

Factors in an individual's surroundings that can impact behavior, often considered alongside genetic influences.

Mating Effort

The energy put into finding and securing a mate, which in evolutionary terms, is associated with traits like aggression.

Parenting Effort

The investment in raising offspring, which typically requires more time and resources compared to mating effort.

Causal Variables

Factors that contribute to or influence the outcome of a particular behavior or trait.

Chronic Offenders

Individuals who repeatedly engage in criminal behavior, often correlating with genetic factors.

Altruism

A selfless concern for the well-being of others, which may have genetic underpinnings.

Antisocial Behavior

Actions that harm or lack consideration for others, which can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.