Organelle Flashcards

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58 Terms

1

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

The control center of the cell, contains all the cell's DNA and instructions for making proteins and other molecules.

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2

What does the nucleus regulate?

Gene expression.

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3

What surrounds the nucleus?

A nuclear envelope composed of 2 membranes.

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4

Where is the nucleus typically located in a cell?

Near the center of all Eukaryotic Cells.

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5

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Produces and assembles the cell's ribosomes.

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6

Do all cells contain a nucleolus?

No, not all cells contain a nucleolus.

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7

What type of nucleic acid does the nucleolus make?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

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8

Does the nucleolus contain chromosomes?

No, the nucleolus does not contain chromosomes.

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9

What can the nucleolus move from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

Ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

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10

Where is the nucleolus located?

At the center of the nucleus.

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11

Is the nucleolus separate from the rest of the nucleus?

Yes, the nucleolus is separate from the rest of the nucleus.

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12

What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes.

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13

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Engages in protein modification.

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14

What can misfolded proteins in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) lead to?

Cell problems.

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15

Why is it called 'rough' Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Because of the ribosomes that attach to it.

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16

What is the significance of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) in the cell?

because of its central role in protein synthesis

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17

Where is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) located?

Near the cell periphery (edges of the cell)

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18

What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) synthesize?

Lipids and phospholipids

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19

What type of cells contain Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

Eukaryotes

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20

Does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) contain ribosomes?

No, it does not contain ribosomes

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21

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

It modifies and packages proteins and lipids for export by the cell through membrane-bound vesicles.

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22

Where do proteins and lipids come from before reaching the Golgi apparatus?

They come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in transport vesicles.

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23

In which type of cells is the Golgi apparatus found?

Only in eukaryotic cells.

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24

What is the function of a vacuole?

Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

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25

What encloses a vacuole?

A membrane.

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26

In which types of cells are vacuoles found?

Both plant and animal cells.

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27

Which type of cell typically has a larger central vacuole?

Plant cells.

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28

What role does a vacuole play in plant cells?

Increases cell rigidity.

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29

Where are vacuoles located within a cell?

In the cytoplasm.

<p>In the cytoplasm.</p>
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30

Vesicle

A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.

<p>A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.</p>
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31

Lysosome

break down and recycle macromolecules, mostly eukaryotic, rarely prokaryotic

<p>break down and recycle macromolecules, mostly eukaryotic, rarely prokaryotic</p>
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32

What are microfilaments?

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.

<p>Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.</p>
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33

What protein are microfilaments made up of?

Actin

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34

Are microfilaments considered prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic

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35

Where are microfilaments located in the cell?

Inside the thinnest part of the cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm.

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36

What are the functions of microfilaments?

assembly and disassembly cause cytoplasmic movements, provide structure, facilitate cell diffusion, interact with proteins

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37

What is the function of microtubules in regards to cell shape?

Microtubules help maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces

<p>Microtubules help maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces</p>
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38

What role do microtubules play in cell division?

Microtubules form the mitotic spindle and separate chromosomes.

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39

What type of cells utilize microtubules to organize cell division?

Animal cells.

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40

What structures do microtubules help build?

Cilia and flagella.

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41

What is a function of cilia and flagella built by microtubules?

They help cells swim through liquids.

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42

What organelle captures energy from sunlight in plant cells?

Chloroplast

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43

In which type of cells are chloroplasts primarily found?

Eukaryotic plant cells

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44

What process do chloroplasts play a large role in?

Photosynthesis

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45

What do chloroplasts convert sunlight energy into?

Chemical energy

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46

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Powerhouse of the cell

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47

In which type of cells are mitochondria found?

Only in eukaryotes

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48

Where are mitochondria located within the cell?

In the cytoplasm

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49

Do red blood cells contain mitochondria?

No, red blood cells have none

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50

Which type of cells have a high number of mitochondria?

Liver cells

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51

What processes are regulated by mitochondria?

Metabolism regulation, cell signaling, and apoptosis

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52

What is the cell wall?

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

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53

What are 2 functions of the cell wall?

It supports the shape of the cell and protecting it.

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54

In which types of organisms is the cell wall found?

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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55

Which specific types of cells have a cell wall?

Plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and archaea.

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56

Permeability of Cell Wall?

It can be rigid, tough, or flexible.

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57

Cell Membrane (Structure)

double layered, lipid bilayer ( 2 layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic legs with the legs in the center, surrounding by the head )

<p>double layered, lipid bilayer ( 2 layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic legs with the legs in the center, surrounding by the head )</p>
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58

Cell Membrane (Function)

all cells contain cell membrane, allows substances to cross, regulates what leaves and what enters the cell

<p>all cells contain cell membrane, allows substances to cross, regulates what leaves and what enters the cell</p>
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