week 5 - psychiatric disorders

drugs used to treat anxiety are called

anxiolytics

anxiety disroders

• GAD

• OCD

• PTSD

• panic

• phobia

anxiolytic-sedative- hypnotic drugs mechanism of action

increase GABA

barbiturates

high doses

• CNS depression

low doses

• decrease reticular activating system

• sedation

benzodiazepines

• increase GABA

• do not cause enzyme induction

• lipid soluble

• end in PAM

• can cause dependency

benzo antagonist

flumazenil

• reverses depression + sedation

• causes withdrawal symptoms

• for benzo overdose

buspirone

• agonist of serotonin 1 receptors

• low risk of tolerance + dependence

• doesnt cause sedative effects

• for anxiety

GAD and panic

benzos

OCD + PTSD

ssri

insomnia

non benzo on GABA or benzo if with anxiety

positive symptoms

hallucinations, delusions

negative symptoms

flattened effect

cognitive symptoms

disorganized thinking

schizophrenia

affects ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others

1st generation antipsychotics

1. phenothiazines

   • block D2 receptors

   • can cause movement disorders

2. butyrophenones

   • high potency

   • similar to ^

3. thioxanthenes

   • less sedation

atypical (2nd generation) anti-psychotics

block serotonin 2 receptors

• can cause movement issues

• preferred for schiz

• less side effects than 1st gen

• alpha-blocking drugs

• sedation drugs

novel therapies for schiz

xanomeline

• Ach agonist

• reduces psychotic symptoms + improves cog

• looking at for AD

depression drugs

• antidepressants

• lithium

• anti-convusants

• psychomotor stimulants

MAOI interact with

tyramine in foods

nefazadone + trazodone

antagonize serotonin 2 receptors

• for depression

buproprion

NDRI

• for bipolar

• smoking cessation

psychomotor stimulants

Used to elevate mood and increase psychomotor activity

• increase NE and DA

• amphetamines

• drug tolerance + dependence

lithium

• for mania and bipolar

• reduces hyperactivity and excitement

• modulates balance of inhibitory and excitatory effects of various NT