Cheat Sheet 6: Cell Division

Cell Division

Nuclear division followed by cytoplasmic division.

Karyokinesis

Nuclear division during cell division.

Cytokinesis

Division of cytoplasm after mitosis.

Cell Cycle

Sequence of phases in cell division.

Interphase

Phase including G1, S, and G2.

Mitotic Phase

Includes mitosis and cytokinesis.

G1 Phase

Cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis.

S Phase

DNA replication occurs, forming sister chromatids.

G2 Phase

Preparation for mitosis, organelles replicate.

Mitosis

Process of nuclear division in somatic cells.

Prophase

Chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope disassembles.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles.

Telophase

Nuclear envelope re-forms, chromosomes decondense.

Centrosome

Cell structure containing a pair of centrioles.

Centrioles

Organize microtubules for spindle formation.

Spindle Apparatus

Microtubules that separate chromosomes during mitosis.

Surface to Volume Ratio

Limits cell size for efficient exchange.

Genome to Volume Ratio

Indicates cell's ability to produce necessary proteins.

G0 Phase

Inactive state of non-dividing cells.

Meiosis

Produces four non-identical haploid daughter cells.

Crossing Over

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Independent Assortment

Random orientation of chromosomes during meiosis.

Tetrad

Pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Chiasmata

Regions where crossing over occurs.

Genetic Linkage

Genes close together on a chromosome inherited together.

Microtubule Inhibitors

Drugs preventing chromosome separation in cancer treatment.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome after DNA replication.

Haploid Cells

Cells with half the chromosome number (1n).

In Prophase

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

In Metaphase

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

In Anaphase

92 chromosome, 92 chromatids

In Telophase/Cytokinesis

92 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

With anti-tumor drugs, cell cycle arrest happens in:

Metaphase

Meiosis I

Homologous chromosome separate

Meiosis II

Sister chromatids separate

In Prophase I

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

In Metaphase I

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

In Anaphase I

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

In Telophase I/Cytokinesis

46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

In prophase II

23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids

In Metaphase II

23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids

In Anaphase II

46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids

In Telophase II/Cytokinesis

46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids

2n->2n or 1n->1n

Mitosis

2n->1n

Meiosis

Spermatogenesis creates:

Spermatozoa

What happens in Meiosis but not Mitosis?

Homologous chromosome pairing