biomolecules
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20 Terms
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acetic acid
(CH3COOH); carbohydrate exception; same gen formula
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rhamnose
C6H12O5; carbohydrate. diff formula
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sucrose
common; present in homes
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lactose
milk
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monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, ribose.
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sucrose(hydrolysis)
glucose+fructose
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maltose(hydrolysis)
glucose+glucose
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polysaccharides
starch, cellulose, glycogen, gums, etc.
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non sugars
polysaccharrides, not sweet
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fact about monosaccharides
reducing
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condition for reucing sugar: disac
free aldehydic or ketonic group; maltose or lactose
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non reducing disac
sucrose
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prep of glucose (i)
from sucrose; boiling; h2so4 or dil HCl; gives glucose+fructose
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commercial method
obtained by hydrolysis of starch OR cellulose by boiling it with dilute H2SO4 at 393 K under pressure 2-3 atm.
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aldohexose
dextrose; glucose
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structure; heating
On prolonged heating with HI, it forms n-hexane, suggesting that all the six carbon atoms are linked in a straight chain.
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Cyclic Structure of Glucose
Schiffs test; NaHSO3
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cyclic structure
The pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine indicating the absence of free —CHO group.
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alpha glucose
The α-form of glucose (m.p. 419 K) is obtained by crystallisation from concentrated solution of glucose at 303 K
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beta glucose
(m.p. 423 K) is obtained by crystallisation from hot and saturated aqueous solution at 371 K.
Note 
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