APUSH Unit 2/3

What was the Treaty of Paris 1763?

Removal of France as a major colonial power in North America, an increase in British territory and influence, and the subsequent displacement and conflict with Native American tribes whose lands were now under British control

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A group of colonial patriots who organized protests against British taxation and policies.

What was the Stamp Act?

A 1765 law that imposed a direct tax on a wide array of printed materials in the colonies.

What event is known as the Boston Massacre?

A confrontation in 1770 where British soldiers killed five colonists, escalating tensions.

What did the Declaratory Act state?

It asserted that the British Parliament had the right to legislate for the colonies 'in all cases whatsoever.'

What was the purpose of the First and Second Continental Congress?

To coordinate colonial resistance against British rule and later to manage the war effort.

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A final attempt by the colonies to avoid war with Britain, affirming loyalty while seeking redress of grievances.

Who wrote 'Common Sense' and what was its significance?

Thomas Paine; it argued for independence from Britain and influenced public opinion for the revolutionary war effort.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown?

The decisive victory for American forces that led to the end of the Revolutionary War.

What does the ⅗ Clause refer to?

A compromise in the Constitution counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes.

What were the Articles of Confederation?

The first governing document of the United States, creating a weak central government.

What is the difference between a democracy and a republic?

A democracy is direct rule by the majority, while a republic is a system of government in which representatives are elected.

What was Shay's Rebellion?

An armed uprising in 1786-1787 by farmers protesting economic injustices and lack of government response.

What was the Virginia Plan?

A proposal for a bicameral legislative branch with representation based on population.

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A proposal for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state.

Who were the Federalists?

Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong central government.

Who were the Democratic-Republicans?

Opponents of the Federalists who advocated for states' rights and a limited federal government.

What was the significance of the Election of 1800?

It marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 establish?

A framework for the governance and admission of new states from the Northwest Territory.

What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?

Legislation that established the federal judiciary system and the Supreme Court.

What was the debate surrounding the First National Bank of the United States?

Disagreement over whether the federal government had the authority to create a national bank.

What are explicit and implicit powers?

Explicit powers are clearly stated in the Constitution, while implicit powers are inferred from the necessary and proper clause.

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

A 1794 uprising against the federal excise tax on whiskey, demonstrating the government's ability to enforce laws.

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Laws passed in 1798 that restricted immigration and limited free speech against the government.

What is the Bill of Rights?

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual rights.

What does the 1st Amendment protect?

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

What does the 2nd Amendment protect?

The right to keep and bear arms.

What does the 3rd Amendment protect?

The right not to have soldiers quartered in private homes without consent.

What does the 4th Amendment protect?

Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

What does the 5th Amendment protect?

Rights related to criminal proceedings, including due process and protection against self-incrimination.

What does the 10th Amendment state?

Any powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

Established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to invalidate unconstitutional laws.

What was the Treaty of Paris 1783?

Officially ended the American Revolutionary War by formally recognizing the United States as an independent nation.

What was the Quartering Act?

Required colonists to house British troops in their homes or other vacant buildings at their own expense.

What was the Quebec Act?

Expanded the territory of the Province of Quebec, guaranteed the rights of Roman Catholics, reinstated French civil law, and established a new governmental system.

What was the MA Government Act?

Revoked the colony's charter, significantly reducing self-governance and replacing elected officials with an appointed governor, and limited town meetings to once a year.

What was the Administration of Justice Act?

Allowed British officials accused of crimes in the colonies to be tried in Britain, which colonists feared would prevent them from being held accountable.

What was the Boston Port Act?

Closed the port of Boston until the destroyed tea from the Boston Tea Party was paid for, crippling the city's economy

What was the Battle of Saratoga (Treaty of Alliance)?

The American victory halted the British plan to isolate New England from the other colonies and, most importantly, convinced France to form a military alliance with the United States, providing crucial military and financial aid.

What was the Battle of Trenton/Princeton?

Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian auxiliaries garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, almost two-thirds of the Hessian force were captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's waning morale, and inspired re-enlistments.

What was the Battle of Brooklyn/Long Island?

A British victory that resulted in the capture of New York City for the duration of the war. The battle was a major loss for the Americans, but Washington's ability to save his army preserved the Continental forces and the patriot cause

What was the Federal Negative?

A proposal by James Madison during the 1787 Constitutional Convention that would give the federal government the power to veto any state law.

What was the philosophy of Federalists?

Strong federal government

How did the Federalists interpret the constitution?

Loose interpretation

What was the foreign policy of the Federalists?

Pro-British

What was the economy of the Federalists?

Commercial Economy, focused on trade and manufacturing.

How did the Federalists view Individual Liberties/Alien & Sedition Act?

National security comes first

Where were the Federalists located?

New England

How did the Federalists view the Democratic-Republicans?

Radicals

What was the philosophy of Democratic-Republicans?

Limited centralized governments, state sovereignty.

How did the Democratic-Republicans interpret the constitution?

Strict interpretation (only explicit power)

What was the foreign policy of the Democratic-Republicans?

Pro-French

What was the economy of the Democratic-Republicans?

Agrarian economy, focused on small farmers

How did the Democratic-Republicans view Individual Liberties/Alien & Sedition Act?

Protect civil liberties, against A&S acts

Where were the Democratic-Republicans located?

South, Mid-Atlantic

How did the Democratic-Republicans view the Federalists?

They want a monarchy

Election of 1796

Incumbent vice president John Adams of the Federalist Party defeated former secretary of state Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party.

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

Declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional and asserted that states have the right to determine the constitutionality of federal laws.