Electron Structure

5.1

Define sub-shells

Sub-shells are the components of energy levels

What are orbitals

Sub-shells are split into orbitals which hold up to 2 electrons of opposite spin

What are the 4 types of sub-orbitals and how many electrons can each one hold

1. s- hold 2 electrons

2. p- hold 6 electrons

3. d- holds 10 electrons

4. f- holds 14 electrons

What is the shape of s orbital

Sphere

What is the shape of a p orbital

Dumbell

What are 3 rules of filling orbitals

1. Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy

   1. 4s orbital is of lower energy than 3d

2. Orbitals with the same energy are occupied singly first

3. Electrons pair with opposite spins

Write and label the electron configuration of oxygen

How are positive ions formed

Positive ions are formed when atoms lose electrons

How are negative ions formed

Negative ions are formed when atom gains electrons

How does formation of ions affect electron configuration

When forming ions, the highest energy sub-shell loses/gain electrons

1. When losing electrons 4s loses electrons before 3d

How is the periodic table divided into subshells