Ap pysch- unit

Motivation

A need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal.

approach- approach

choose between 2 good things

avoidance- avoidance

Choose between 2 bad things

Approach- Avoidnace

each option has both good and bad

multiple approach - avoidance

lots of options each with good and bad

theory y

intrinsic motivation

theory x

extrinsic motivation

Instinct Theory

A perspective on motivation claiming that complex behaviors have fixed patterns and are not learned.

common sense view

first conscious awareness and then physiological response

Drive-Reduction Theory

The theory that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need.

Arousal Theory

The theory suggesting that humans are motivated to seek optimum levels of arousal and excitement.

Hierarchy of Needs

A theory proposed by Abraham Maslow suggesting that some needs have priority over others, with physiological needs coming before psychological needs.

Homeostasis

A balanced internal state that organisms strive to maintain.

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for external rewards or to avoid punishments.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from within, doing something because it is personally rewarding.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A principle stating that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, which varies based on task difficulty.

Orexin

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates hunger.

Ghrelin

A hormone produced in the stomach that increases hunger.

Leptin

A hormone produced by fat cells that decreases hunger.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by purging.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure that uses height and weight to classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.

Type A Personality

A competitive, hard-driving, impatient personality that is more prone to stress and health issues.

Type B Personality

An easygoing, relaxed personality.

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

The study of how psychological processes influence the immune system.

Subjective Well-Being

An individual's self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.

Coping Strategies

Methods used to manage stress, which can include problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.

Social Support

The perception and reality of being cared for and having allies in times of need.

Aerobic Exercise

Physical exercise that enhances cardiovascular fitness and can improve mood and well-being.

Adolescent Sexuality

The development of sexual feelings and behaviors that occurs during adolescence, which varies across cultures.

James-Lange

physiological and then emotional awareness

Canon Bard

simultaneously; physiological and emotion awareness

autonomic system and emotions

automatically mobilizes the body

common