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Motivation
A need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal.
approach- approach
choose between 2 good things
avoidance- avoidance
Choose between 2 bad things
Approach- Avoidnace
each option has both good and bad
multiple approach - avoidance
lots of options each with good and bad
theory y
intrinsic motivation
theory x
extrinsic motivation
Instinct Theory
A perspective on motivation claiming that complex behaviors have fixed patterns and are not learned.
common sense view
first conscious awareness and then physiological response
Drive-Reduction Theory
The theory that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need.
Arousal Theory
The theory suggesting that humans are motivated to seek optimum levels of arousal and excitement.
Hierarchy of Needs
A theory proposed by Abraham Maslow suggesting that some needs have priority over others, with physiological needs coming before psychological needs.
Homeostasis
A balanced internal state that organisms strive to maintain.
Extrinsic Motivation
Doing something for external rewards or to avoid punishments.
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation that comes from within, doing something because it is personally rewarding.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
A principle stating that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, which varies based on task difficulty.
Orexin
A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates hunger.
Ghrelin
A hormone produced in the stomach that increases hunger.
Leptin
A hormone produced by fat cells that decreases hunger.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by purging.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A measure that uses height and weight to classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.
Type A Personality
A competitive, hard-driving, impatient personality that is more prone to stress and health issues.
Type B Personality
An easygoing, relaxed personality.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
The study of how psychological processes influence the immune system.
Subjective Well-Being
An individual's self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.
Coping Strategies
Methods used to manage stress, which can include problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Social Support
The perception and reality of being cared for and having allies in times of need.
Aerobic Exercise
Physical exercise that enhances cardiovascular fitness and can improve mood and well-being.
Adolescent Sexuality
The development of sexual feelings and behaviors that occurs during adolescence, which varies across cultures.
James-Lange
physiological and then emotional awareness
Canon Bard
simultaneously; physiological and emotion awareness
autonomic system and emotions
automatically mobilizes the body
common
Note 
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