Studied by 9 people
South American Indians who, at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1532, ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast. They are significant because they created the largest empire ever seen in America.
Inca
Native American people who dominated northern Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century. They were significant because They developed a form of hieroglyphic writing, a complex calendar system, and built famous pyramids and temples.
Aztec
an artificial cultivation system built in areas where water is the main natural resource present in the environment, this aquifer surface is called a wetland. This is significant because it contributes to food and livelihood security.
Chinampas Agriculture
a forced labor system designed by Toledo to allocate indigenous labor to mines and refineries. This is significant because it was the system by which the state-controlled its subjects. Worked for 30 years
Mit'a
a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries. Significant because they allowed European explorers to explore the coast of Africa.
Caravel
a period of bitter winters and mild summers that affected Europe and North America between the 14th and 19th centuries. It was significant because it curbed agricultural production and eventually led to the European crisis.
The Little Ice Age
was the sale and exploitation of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean from the 15th century to the 19th century. It was significant because it brought more money than ever before to the Europeans, but the indigenous population of the New World had declined rapidly because of its lack of immunity against imported pathogens.
Atlantic Slave Trade
help determine the ship's latitude from the height of the Pole Star or of the sun. This is significant because it told time during day or night, to identify the time of sunrise and sunset, and the length of the day.
Astrolabe
was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He is significant because he opened the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Christopher Columbus
an economic system of trade that spanned the 16th century to the 18th century. It is significant because it increased the country's wealth through its exports.
Mercantilism
The Russian conquest of Siberia took place in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, This is significant because they became to lose political structure of vassalage that were being undermined by the activities of Russian explorers.
Russian takeover of Siberia
The process by which commodities, people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic, This is significant because it resulted in the mixing of people, deadly diseases that devastated the Native American population, crops, animals, goods, and trade flows.
Colombian Exchange
Large, investor-backed companies that sponsored European exploration and colonization in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This is significant because it sponsored European exploration and colonization in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Joint-stock company
relationships and interactions between the peoples of the Americas, Africa and Europe, from the fifteenth through the nineteenth century. This is significant because of colonialism and independence movements, migration, trade, capitalism, and other topics.
The Atlantic World
a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. This is significant because it increased food scarcity.
Cash Crop
a period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. This is significant because it cultivated a new change in art, knowledge, and culture.
Renaissance
a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. This is significant because it provided an incentive for conquistadors to conquer new territories and to provide free labor to extract wealth from the colonies.
Encomienda
a form of labor where an individual is under contract to work without a salary to repay an indenture or loan. This is significant because they paved the way for the transition to slavery.
Identured servitude
created in colonial times to explain mixed race families to those back in Spain. This is significant because it maintained their power and superiority to other racial groups in the colonies.
Castas (in Spanish America)
ruled China from 1368 to 1644 A.D., during which China’s population would double. the Ming Dynasty is also remembered for its drama, literature and world-renowned porcelain. This Significant because they are known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West,
Ming Dynasty
was the final imperial dynasty in China, lasting from 1644 to 1912. It's significant because it was an era noted for its initial prosperity and tumultuous final years, and for being only the second time that China was not ruled by the Han people.
Qing Dynasty
one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 600 years. It's significance is that a source of great regional stability and security, as well as important achievements in the arts, science, religion and culture.
Ottoman Empire
The Safavids replaced the Timurid Empire, a dynasty of Turkicized Mongols, and reunified a politically fragmented Iran, ruling from 1501 to 1736. It's significance was a major center of political power and cultural creativity, they also established one of the strongest and most enduring centers of Shi'ism within the Islamic world.
Safavid Empire
ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim. Its significant for bringing almost the entire Indian subcontinent under one domain, drawing the subcontinent's regions together through enhanced overland and coastal trading networks
Mughal Empire
Chinese Admiral in the Indian Ocean. In the early 1400s. Zheng He is significant because he led the largest ships in the world on seven voyages of exploration to the lands around the Indian Ocean, demonstrating Chinese excellence at shipbuilding and navigation.
Zheng He
