APUSH Period 1 (1491-1607) Native Tribes and Characterization

America's History Textbook Chapters 1-4. AP review.

Southwest Native Society

Pueblo, Hopi, and Navajo tribes. They focused on agriculture, and their societies were organized around complex irrigation systems and communal living.

Northwest Native Society

Puyallup, Chinook tribes. They relied on fishing, canoeing, and ocean life for sustenance, had a rich oral tradition, and lived in longhouses or plank houses.

California Native Society

Chumash, Miwok tribes. They engaged in fishing, gathering, and acorn processing, with a diverse diet adapted to the region's natural resources.

Great Basin Native Society (Utah, Nevada)

Shoshone, Paiute, and Ute tribes. They were primarily nomadic, relying on hunting, gathering, and foraging for sustenance.

Great Plains Native Society

Sioux, Cheyenne, and Comanche tribes. They were primarily nomadic, relying on bison hunting and developed a culture centered around the following the herds.

Northeast Woodlands Native Society

Iroquois, Algonquin tribes. They practiced agriculture alongside hunting and gathering, sea life, and semi-nomadic.

Atlantic Seaboard Native Society

Native Societies that included the Powhatan and Wampanoag tribes. They engaged in agriculture, fishing, and trade.

Mississippi River Valley

Native societies like the Cahokia that engaged in agriculture along the fertile banks of the Mississippi River.

Colombian Exchange

Brought new crops to Europe from the Americas, and introduced diseases and livestock to the New World.

Joint-Stock Companies

Business entities formed by investors to fund travelling and big trade adventures.

Encomienda System

Spanish colonial economies marshaled Native American labor to support plantation based on agriculture and extract precious metals.

The Casta System

A Spanish developed system that ranked individuals based on their racial background. It affected rights, jobs, taxes, and social status.