Unit 1

articular cartilage

thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space

bone

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.
Eg: long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella)

calcium

One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

cancellous bone

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

cartilage

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.

collagen

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

diaphysis

shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

epiphysis

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

haversian canals

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

ligament

fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones

medullary cavity

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

metaphysis

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone and the epiphyseal plate at the end of the bone.

orthopedist

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

osseous tissue

bone tissue

ossification

process of bone formation

osteoblast

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

osteoclast

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

periosteum

membrane surrounding bones, rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

phosphorus

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

physiatrist

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

red bone marrow

found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

suture

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)

tendon

fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones

trabeculae

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

yellow bone marrow

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

articulation

any type of joint

bursa

sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

meniscus

crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee

synovial cavity

space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane

synovial fluid

sticky fluid within the synovial cavity

synovial joint

freely movable joint

synovial membrane

tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid

abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

dorsiflexion

backward (upward) bending of the foot

extension

straightening of a flexed limb

fascia

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

flexion

bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones

plantar flexion

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

pronation

turning the palm downward

rotation

circular movement around a central point

striated muscle

muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle

supination

turning the palm upward

visceral muscle

muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle