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articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space
bone
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Eg: long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella)
calcium
One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.
cancellous bone
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
cartilage
Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.
collagen
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues
compact bone
hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
diaphysis
shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone
epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
epiphysis
each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate
haversian canals
minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
ligament
fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
metaphysis
Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone and the epiphyseal plate at the end of the bone.
orthopedist
medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions
osseous tissue
bone tissue
ossification
process of bone formation
osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue
osteoclast
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
periosteum
membrane surrounding bones, rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
phosphorus
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
physiatrist
medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation
red bone marrow
found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
suture
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)
tendon
fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
articulation
any type of joint
bursa
sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another
meniscus
crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane
synovial fluid
sticky fluid within the synovial cavity
synovial joint
freely movable joint
synovial membrane
tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid
abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
dorsiflexion
backward (upward) bending of the foot
extension
straightening of a flexed limb
fascia
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
flexion
bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
pronation
turning the palm downward
rotation
circular movement around a central point
striated muscle
muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle
supination
turning the palm upward
visceral muscle
muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle