Frontal Lobes - Concepts

20%

The frontal lobes constitute what percent of the neocortex?

Thalamus

The frontal lobes receive information that routes from other areas of the brain through what structure?

Orbitofrontal Cortex

What part of the frontal lobe receives inputs from all modalities and amygdala?

It plays a role in things like emotional regulation

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

What part of the frontal lobe receives inputs from structures like the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and pariacqueductal gray matter?

It is involved in the perception of stress and pain

Planning, response inhibition, temporal memory, executive function, social and internal cues, autonoetic awareness, and emotion

People with damage to the frontal lobe can have impairments what?

Temporal Memory

What is a part of short term memory that is based on time? (sequential memory)

This can be impared in frontal lobe damage

Internal Cues

What concerns the awareness of your own body, recalling, and thinking about memory?

These can be impared in frontal lobe damage

External Cues

What concerns the awareness of anything in the environment?

These can be impaired in frontal lobe damage

Context Cues

What concerns understanding the proper behaviours and actions that can be performed on the basis of your environment?

These can be impaired in frontal lobe damage

Autonoetic Awareness

What is the awareness of yourself and who you are and knowing that you are different from the things around you and allows you to imagine youself in the past and imagine yourself at a point in the future?

This gets impaired in forntla lobe damage

Executive Function or Cognitive Control

The frontol lobe controls _______ which includes the folowing:

* planning and decision making
* error correction
* mental workload
* overcoming habitual responses and resisting temptation
* cognitive flexability

Perseveration

In the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, people with frontal lobe damage are unable to switch their behaviour to fit a new rule. What is this called?

Emotional Dependency Syndrome

People with frontal lobe damage may perseverate and do things that they would have normally done based on their environment. This perservation may be cued by things that were in their enviornment before they had their brain damage

What is this called?

P300 (P3A)

What ERP is an indicator that attention is being paid when something is unique or novel?

It decreases

What happens to the P300 / P3A after brain damage?

Recognition trial

Which condition of the recency judgement task can someone with prefrontal damage do well in?

* recency trial
* recognition trial

Recency Trial

Which condition of the recency judgement task can someone with hippocampal damage do well in?

* recognition trial
* recency trial

Verbal Recency

Left hemisphere PFC damage seems to impact what form of recency?

* non-verbal (pictoral) recency
* verbal recency

Non-verbal (Pictoral) Recency

Right hemisphere PFC damage seems to impact what form of recency memory?

* non-verbal (pictoral) recency
* verbal recency

Left Hemisphere

Which hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex may play a role in strategy formation?

Because people may use verbal strategies when doing the test

In the Six-Item Self-Ordered Pointing task, why does damage to the left hemisphere PFC impact verbal and nonverbal versions of the test?

Hint: Language dominance

Efficiency and effectiveness

In the Tower of London Task, people with left hemisphere PFC damage may have difficulties with the task in what two aspects?

Performance stays the same

In the Advanced Information paradigm, when provided with the information that they will just need to match a stimulus to a cue, does the performance of individuals with frontal lobe increase, decrease, or stay the same in comparison to neurologically intact individuals?

Error Related Negativity (ERN)

Which ERP component activates as a response when an error has been made, even if the person is not consciously aware of it yet?

Both correct and non-correct targets

In the Go-NoGo Oddball Task, does an individual with PFC damage experience and ERN for correct, non-correct, or both correct and non-correct responses?

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)

In response inhibition (stroop go-nogo), what part of the brain is active for both the go and no-go trial?

Left and Right Inferior Frontal Lobes

In response inhibition (stroop go-nogo), what parts of the brain are active in the no-go condition and has less activation in the go condition?

Emotion

In the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) the ventral stream seems to be about processing what?

Cognition

In the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) the dorsal stream seems to be about processing what?

Orbitofrontal Cortex

Lesions to what part of the frontal lobe will result in:

* deficits in anticipating consequences
* disinhibition (aggressive behaviour)
* lack of empathy

Left Hemisphere

Lesions to what hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex will result in catastrophic reactions such as:

* inappropriate sadness
* anger
* fearfulness

Right Hemisphere

Lesions to what hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex will result in euphoric-indifference such as:

* inappropriate happiness, joy, and humor
* deficits in identifying subtle hunor and emotional judgement

Depression

Patients with left anterior lesions (frontal lobe, left hemisphere) have higher rates of ______ compared to patients with lesions anywhere else in the brain

Pleasant Valence

In the valence-arousal model of emotion, what valence will you get if there is greater left hemisphere frontal lobe activation compared to right?

Unpleasant Valence

In the valence-arousal model of emotion, what valence will you get if there is greater right hemisphere frontal lobe activation compared to left?

Anxiousness

In the valence-arousal model of emotion, high arousal correlates to what?

Depression

In the valence-arousal model of emotion, low arousal correlates to what?

Happy

According to the valence-arousal model of emotion, being high in arousal and to the left in valence will result in what emotion?

Calm

According to the valence-arousal model of emotion, being low in arousal and to the left in valence will lead to what emotion?

Anxious

According to the valence-arousal model of emotion, being high in arousal and right in valence will result in what emotion?

Depressed

According to the valence-arousal model of emotion, being low in arousal and to the right in valence will result in what emotion?