Agricultural Practices and Revolutions

Flashcards reviewing key terms and concepts from a lecture on agricultural practices and revolutions.

A _ crop is grown for profit and to meet a demand for international trade rather than for local subsistence.

Luxury

__ is the commercial agriculture system involving all aspects of food production, from seed production to consumption.

Agribusiness

The network involved in the production, distribution, and sale of goods or services is known as the _.

Supply Chain

__ is a trade agreement between the USA, Canada, and Mexico aimed at eliminating tariffs and trade barriers.

(NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement

The __ advocates for fair compensation and working conditions for producers in developing countries.

Fair Trade Movement

__ are large-scale industrial facilities where animals are confined and raised in high-density conditions.

(CAFO)Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

__ refers to the accumulation of salt deposits in soil or bodies of water.

Salinization

A __ is a geographic area where access to affordable and nutritious food is absent.

Food Desert

The __ involved the transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture around 8000 BCE.

First Agricultural Revolution

The __ began in 18th century Europe and was marked by advancements like basic machinery and crop rotation.

Second Agricultural Revolution

The __ involved the diffusion of GMOs, high yield seeds, and synthetic fertilizers to developing countries.

Third/Green Agricultural Revolution

__ is farming practiced primarily to provide food for the farmer, their family, or local community.

Subsistence agriculture

__ is a form of intensive agriculture where fruits, vegetables, and flowers are cultivated for sale in local markets.

Market gardening

__ is the earliest form of farming, involving propagation from stems or roots of existing plants.

Vegetative planting

__ relies on planting seeds rather than vegetative planting.

Seed Agriculture

__ are organisms whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering.

GMOs

distribution is the pattern of crops across the landscape.

Land Use

__ is intensive commercial agriculture characterized by large-scale monoculture production of cash crops.

Plantation Agriculture

__ focuses on the production of high-value, perishable crops for sale in local or regional markets.

Truck farming

__ is a land use system based on the continual seasonal movement of livestock herds.

Pastoral Nomadism

__ involves clearing land, planting, and harvesting crops for a few seasons, then moving once soil fertility declines.

Shifting Cultivation

__ involves cutting and burning vegetation to clear land.

Slash and burn

Von Thunen model emphasizes the importance of __ associated with the distance from the market center.

Transportation costs

__ is the practice of cultivating crops between the rows of existing crops.

Intertillage

__ is cultivating multiple crops on the same plot of land within the same growing season.

Intercropping

A __ is grown in large quantities for sale in broader markets rather than for consumption.

Commodity crop

A __ is a crop that serves as a primary food source for a population.

Staple crop

__ is a lifestyle characterized by moving from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land.

Nomadism

__ is the seasonal movement of people and livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.

Transhumance

__ is the care, breeding, and management of animals or plants.

Husbandry

__ is the rotation of different crops on the same land over a series of seasons or years.

Crop Rotation

__ is artificially supplying water to crops and land.

Irrigation

__ is farming for the purpose of producing crops or livestock for selling in markets and for profits.

Commercial Agriculture

__ requires significant inputs of labor and resources per unit of land for high yields.

Intensive Agriculture

__ requires minimal inputs of labor and resources but uses larger areas of land for production.

Extensive Agriculture

__ is characterized by the cultivation of rice in flooded fields.

Wet-Rice Farming

__ involves the cultivation of specialty crops such as avocados, grapes, and olives in regions with a Mediterranean climate.

Mediterranean Agriculture