Cell neurobiology Diagnostic Check

In which division of the nervous system do the brain and spinal cord belong to?

a) Autonomic Nervous System

b) Central Nervous System

c) Peripheral Nervous System

d) Somatic Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Which functional division of the nervous system controls the unconscious (involuntary) processes that maintain homeostasis?

a) Motor (efferent)

b) Autonomic

c) Sensory (afferent)

d) Somatic

Autonomic

Which of the following physiological responses would occur within the sympathetic division of the activated autonomic nervous system? (Select all that apply.)

a) Respiration slows

b) Pupils constrict

c) Heart rate increases

d) Digestion slows

Heart rate increases, Digestion slows

Which functional division of the peripheral nervous system is involved in the conscious (voluntary) control of body movement?

a) Somatic Afferent

b) Parasympathetic

c) Sympathetic

d) Somatic Efferent

Somatic Efferent

Which of the following options uses the correct descriptive terms for direction in anatomy? (Select all that apply.)

a) Lateral describes on top of something

b) Posterior describes further away from the midline of the body

c) Anterior describes in front of something

d) Medial describes toward the midline of the body

Anterior describes in front of something, Medial describes toward the midline of the body

A brain cut in half down the midline or center is cut along which plane?

a) Sagittal

b) Axial

c) Coronal

d) Horizontal

Sagittal

Which of the following lobes of the brain is most associated with vision?

a) Parietal Lobe

b) Temporal Lobe

c) Occipital Lobe

d) Frontal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

The frontal lobes are best known for their role in which functions? (Select all that apply.)

a) Knowing right from wrong

b) Hearing

c) Motor output

d) Maintaining balance

Knowing right from wrong, Motor output

Which gyrus on the brain’s surface is known as the primary motor cortex?

a) Postcentral gyrus

b) Fusiform gyrus

c) Cingulate gyrus

d) Precentral gyrus

Precentral gyrus

Which area of the brain is most involved in posture, balance, and coordination of movement?

a) Medulla

b) Hypothalamus

c) Cerebellum

d) Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Which area of the brain serves as the control center for respiration, heart function, and blood pressure?

a) Cerebellum

b) Hypothalamus

c) Cerebrum

d) Brain stem

Brain stem

What is the correct order of the meninges from outermost (toward the skull) to innermost (toward the brain)?

a) Dura mater, Pia mater, Arachnoid mater

b) Arachnoid mater, Pia mater, Dura mater

c) Pia mater, Dura mater, Arachnoid mater

d) Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

What is the largest white matter tract in the human brain which connects the two hemispheres together?

a) Internal Capsule

b) Anterior Commissure

c) Corpus Callosum

d) Spinal Cord

Corpus Callosum

Which of the following brain structures secretes melatonin and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

a) Hypothalamus

b) Pituitary Gland

c) Thalamus

d) Pineal Gland

Pineal Gland

What is the name of the large egg-shaped structure in the center of the human brain that acts as a relay center, especially for sensory signals between the body and the cortex?

a) Hippocampus

b) Thalamus

c) Cerebellum

d) Hypothalamus

Thalamus

The _________ of the brain is involved in maintaining homeostasis and sends directions to the _________ which releases hormones into the blood.

hypothalamus, pituitary

Which structures are located within the temporal lobe? (Select all that apply.)

a) Hippocampus

b) Substantia nigra

c) Hypothalamus

d) Amygdala

Hippocampus, Amygdala

Which of the following structures make up the basal ganglia? (Select all that apply.)

a) Amygdala

b) Caudate

c) Globus pallidus

d) Putamen

Caudate, Globus pallidus, Putamen

Which of the following are true about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the ventricles? (Select all that apply.)

a) The ventricles are filled with blood.

b) The fourth ventricle collects CSF from the cerebral aqueduct and drains into the central canal of the spinal cord.

c) CSF is used to cushion the brain and spinal cord from damage.

d) The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles.

The fourth ventricle collects CSF from the cerebral aqueduct and drains into the central canal of the spinal cord., CSF is used to cushion the brain and spinal cord from damage., The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles.

Which of the following are specialized signaling cells that are the basic cellular units of the nervous system?

a) Schwann Cells

b) Neurons

c) Astrocytes

d) Microglia

Neurons

Neurons can send signals from one place to another. Sometimes these locations are quite far from each other. What part of the neuron is elongated to reach a distant structure?

a) Dendrite

b) Axon

c) Cell body

d) Nucleus

Axon

Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons?

a) Cell body

b) Axon

c) Dendrite

d) Axon terminal

Dendrite

Which type of neuron has a single, short process extending from the cell body that divides into two branches?

a) Multipolar

b) Unipolar

c) Bipolar

d) Quadrapolar

Unipolar

Which type of neuron has three or more processes, consisting of one axon and two or more dendrites?

a) Multipolar

b) Bipolar

c) Unipolar

d) Quadrapolar

Multipolar

Which type of central nervous system neuron acts as a connector by relaying impulses between sensory and motor neurons?

a) Primary neuron

b) Secondary neuron

c) Interneuron

d) Glia

Interneuron

A neuron that exits the spinal cord to send out motor information to muscles can be classified functionally as:

a) Primary

b) Afferent

c) Efferent

d) Interneuron

Efferent

A neuron that enters the spinal cord to provide sensory information to the brain can be classified functionally as:

a) Afferent

b) Efferent

c) Interneuron

d) Primary

Afferent

Which nervous system-supporting cell myelinates nerve fibers in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

a) Microglial cell

b) Oligodendrocyte

c) Astrocyte

d) Schwann cell

Oligodendrocyte

Which supporting cell is responsible for clearing debris from the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

a) Oligodendrocyte

b) Astrocyte

c) Schwann cell

d) Microglial cell

Microglial cell

What are the roles that astrocytes play in the Central Nervous System (CNS)? (Select all that apply.)

a) Making up the blood-brain barrier

b) Providing metabolic support to neurons

c) Myelinating axons of neurons

d) Clearing debris

Providing metabolic support to neurons, Making up the blood-brain barrier