IST - midterm VOCAB

Bot/Robot

 Automated programs designed to perform specific tasks

Predictive Text

Technology that predicts and suggests text while typing

Cybersecurity

Measures and practices to protect systems and networks from cyber threats.

Graphic User Interface (GUI)

Visual way users interact with computers using graphical icons

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Machines simulating human intelligence, like decision-making and learning.

Encryption

Process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Decryption

Converting encrypted data back into its original form.

SPAM

Unsolicited bulk emails, typically advertisements.

Web Browser

A tool used to access the World Wide Web (e.g., Chrome, Safari).

IP Address

Unique identifier assigned to devices on the internet.

HTML

Coding language used to structure and display content on the web.

Binary

A numbering system using only two digits, 0 and 1.

Digital Footprint

 Collected information about a person across the internet.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Translates domain names to IP addresses.

Lossless Compression

Data compression that preserves all original data.

Lossy Compression

 Data compression that removes some data to reduce file size.

Machine Learning

Field of AI where computers learn from data inputs to make predictions.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol used for transmitting web pages.

Digital Citizenship

Responsible use of technology and digital literacy.

Protocol

Set of rules for communication over the internet

SSL

Secure Socket Layer, providing encryption for internet security.

Netiquette

Proper behavior and manners used in online communication.

Data Packet

Small units of data transmitted over a network

Router

A device that directs data packets along networks.

Scalability

 Ability of a system to handle growth or increased demand

Compression

Reducing the size of a file or data for easier transmission or storage.

IPv4 and IPv6

 Internet Protocol versions that provide unique addresses for devices.

Digital Divide

Gap between those with access to technology and those without.

Bandwidth

 Maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given time.

Phishing

Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task.

Firewall

A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

Artificial Neural Network

A computing system inspired by the human brain, used in machine learning.

Big Data

Large and complex datasets that require advanced tools to analyze and interpret.

Cloud Computing

Using remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data.

Cookies

Small data files stored on a user's computer by websites to remember preferences or track behavior.

Latency

Delay before data transfer begins following a request.

Modem

A device that connects a network to the internet

Operating System

Software that manages hardware and software resources on a computer (e.g., Windows, macOS).

Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P)

 A decentralized network where devices communicate directly without a central server.

Spam Filter

Software designed to detect and block unsolicited emails

Teachable Machine

A machine learning model that can be trained to recognize patterns, objects, or actions

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Technology that creates a secure connection over the internet.

Pixel

The smallest unit of a digital image or display.

Cache

Temporary storage that speeds up access to frequently used data.

Hashing

Converting data into a fixed-length code, often used for data integrity checks.

Code Editor

 A tool used to write and edit programming code.

Unicode

A standard encoding for representing text in computers, supporting most written languages.

Cloud Storage

Online space to save and access files from any device with an internet connection.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

An extra layer of security requiring two forms of identification to access an account.