Plant anatomy

xylem tissue

transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

How do guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?

control the opening and closing of stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss.

cuticle

a waxy layer produced by the epidermis that acts as a protective coating helps reduce water loss from the leaf surface. everything inside kept inside, everything outside kept outside

shoot system

all parts that are above ground

root system

all parts of the plant below ground

root system organs

roots lol

shoot system organs

stem, leaves, flower/fruit

root functions

collects water, absorbs nutrients, anchors the plant in the soil, and stores food made by other parts of the plant.

stem functions

organ that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant, and supports the leaves and flowers

leaf function

convert light energy into the chemical energy of food through photosynthesis, along with gas exchange

flower function

reproductive structure; produce seeds through sexual reproduction.

types of plant tissue

meristematic, dermal, ground, vascular

dermal tissue/epidermis

the outer layer of plant organs protects the inner tissues, controls water and gas exchange, and is made up of epidermal cells, including guard cells.

ground tissue cell types

parenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells

vascular tissue

tissue that provides physical support for the plant and moves substances around the plant. made up of: xylem cells, phloem cells

meristematic tissue

responsible for plant growth and made up of meristematic cells, which are undifferentiated cells that can become any type of cell.

parenchyma cells

storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange, protection, and tissue repair and replacement

collenchyma cells

support, flexibility, and tissue repair and replacement

sclerenchyma cells

support mature plants

xylem cells

cells that make up xylem tissue

phloem cells

cells that transport nutrients and sugars to areas where they are needed for growth and metabolism, or to the roots for storage

ground tissue function

provides the stem with strength and support

plant tissue growth

Rapidly dividing meristematic cells at the tips of roots and branches cause plants to grow in all directions.

bud

a stem swelling that holds the meristem for new tissues.

location of active growth in a plant

Near the terminal bud, which is located at the top of the plant or ends of the roots.

lateral buds develop into…

new branches, leaves, and flowers.

male reproductive organs of flowers

Anther: The part of the stamen that produces and releases pollen
fillament: The stalk that supports the anther and holds it in position for effective pollination.

female reproductive organs of flowers

Stigma: The sticky top part that catches and holds pollen.
Style: The slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary.

Ovary: The base of the pistil that contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization.