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Flashcards on cell structures, types, and processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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What are the two main types of cells based on the presence or absence of a nucleus?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus
What is the function of organelles in eukaryotic cells?
To carry out cell processes
Name two examples of prokaryotic organisms.
Bacteria and archaea
Name the two main types of eukaryotic cells.
Plant and animal cells
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Surrounds and protects the cell, and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of cytoplasm?
It is the jelly-like fluid in which internal organelles float
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell growth, reproduction, and other cell processes
What is the function of vacuoles?
Balloon-like spaces within the cytoplasm to store wastes and food
What is the function of mitochondria?
Release energy from food molecules to power cell processes
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Capture energy from the sun to make food (sugars) in plant cells
What is the role of vesicles in a cell?
Small sacs that transport materials and help materials enter and leave the cell
What energy conversion occurs in plant cells?
Light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy
What is photosynthesis?
A chemical reaction in plant cells that converts the Sun's light energy into chemical energy (sugar)
What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
Light energy, carbon dioxide, and water
What are the outputs of photosynthesis?
Sugar (food) and oxygen
What is cellular respiration?
A chemical reaction in the cells of most organisms that releases energy needed to carry out life processes
Where does cellular respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
What are the inputs of cellular respiration?
Sugar and oxygen
What are the outputs of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration function?
In a cycle where the products of one are the reactants of the other.