Biology: Cell Structures and Processes

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Flashcards on cell structures, types, and processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

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22 Terms

1
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What are the two main types of cells based on the presence or absence of a nucleus?

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

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What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell without a nucleus

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What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a nucleus

4
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What is the function of organelles in eukaryotic cells?

To carry out cell processes

5
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Name two examples of prokaryotic organisms.

Bacteria and archaea

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Name the two main types of eukaryotic cells.

Plant and animal cells

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What is the function of the cell membrane?

Surrounds and protects the cell, and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

8
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What is the function of cytoplasm?

It is the jelly-like fluid in which internal organelles float

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What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell growth, reproduction, and other cell processes

10
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What is the function of vacuoles?

Balloon-like spaces within the cytoplasm to store wastes and food

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What is the function of mitochondria?

Release energy from food molecules to power cell processes

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What is the function of chloroplasts?

Capture energy from the sun to make food (sugars) in plant cells

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What is the role of vesicles in a cell?

Small sacs that transport materials and help materials enter and leave the cell

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What energy conversion occurs in plant cells?

Light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy

15
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What is photosynthesis?

A chemical reaction in plant cells that converts the Sun's light energy into chemical energy (sugar)

16
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What are the inputs of photosynthesis?

Light energy, carbon dioxide, and water

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What are the outputs of photosynthesis?

Sugar (food) and oxygen

18
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What is cellular respiration?

A chemical reaction in the cells of most organisms that releases energy needed to carry out life processes

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Where does cellular respiration take place?

In the mitochondria

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What are the inputs of cellular respiration?

Sugar and oxygen

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What are the outputs of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy

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How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration function?

In a cycle where the products of one are the reactants of the other.