Studied by 34 people
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1B0lNkriUmMrrXI0falJIG4jQw249vgsbtjwks2EKJmE/edit?usp=sharing <-- HELPFUL STUDY QUESTIONS
Militarism
the glorification of military power; constant preparation for war
Alliances
a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
Imperialism
when a stronger country takes over a weaker country
Nationalism
strong feelings of loyalty towards one’s country
Triple Entente
Russia, Britain, France
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Pan-Slavism
the desire for one single slavic country
Balkan Powder Keg
Rising tension in the Balkan peninsula
July Crisis
a series of events during July 1914 that lead to WWI
Blank Check Assurance
When Germany issued a promise to Austria-Hungary to support them unconditionally in war, no matter the cost
Allied Powers
Britain, France, USSR, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Two Front War
when opposing forces encounter on two geographically separate fronts; WWI
Western Front
War fought along the Belgian, German and French borders; smaller, trench warfare
Eastern Front
German & Austria-Hungarian forces vs the Russians; trench warfare not used
Schlieffen Plan
plan where Germany attempts to avoid a two front war by quickly invading Belgium to defeat the French, then moving to Russia (fails, Britain enters WWI)
Trench Warfare
a form of warfare where opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield. poor conditions and high death due to disease
Stalemate
a dead lock; neither sider can defeat the other
War of Attrition
A prolonged war during which each seeks to gradually wear out the other side by a series of small scale attacks
Bolsheviks
Communists that instituted a provisional government that called for “peace, land and bread” and to end Russia’s participation in WWI
Lusitania
A British passenger ship with 128 Americans aboard that the Germans sunk
Zimmerman note
issued by Germany to Mexico offering an alliance to Mexico to invade US, Message intercepted by Britain to USA
Armistice
stop of war or ceasefire
Lost Generation
a term for the generation that grew up during WWI and developed a pessimistic view of the world. Rejected traditional morals and often acted irrationally
Paris Peace Conference
important 6 month meeting with all the leaders of the world with the goal to end WWI; 32 countries in attendance but “Big 4”
Treaty of Versailles
a treaty decided at the Paris Peace Conference that made Germany take responsibility for the first world war
League of Nations
league to stop future instances after WWI by Wilson (obv failed)
14 Points
points made by USA for peace negotiations
Weimar Republic
a period of German government where they are economically and politically unstable after the war damages and ToV of WWI
Hyperinflation
prominent in Weimar republic; the prices of all goods and services rise uncontrollably
Great Depression
a severe global economic downturn; became evident after a sharp decline in stock prices in the United States.
Stock Market Crash
bank run: everybody runs to the banks at once to grab their money because they’re afraid it’ll crash. It does, and people can’t access money; leads to economic crash in USA
Communism
political and economic system that seeks to create a classless society in which the major means of production, such as mines and factories, are owned and controlled by the public.
Fascism
Mussolini; a political movement and gov system; authoritarian leadership, restriction of individual rights, ultranationalism, forcible suppression of opposition
Appeasement
When Chamberlain would give into Hitler’s command to avoid future war
Munich Agreement
appeasement compromised Hitler to annex Sudetenland and agree not to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia or Poland
Sudetenland
the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans; Hitler wanted it
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Stalin and Hitler’s deal to split territory in Poland; Pact broken by Hitler
Maginot Line
an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany
Blitzkrieg
“lightning war”; German military tactic which uses mobile forces and concentrated power to defeat enemies
Battle of Britain
air attack by German air force; Allies successfully stop German invasion
Battle of Stalingrad
Turning point in European theatre; German invasion (GY loses); Millions USSR and German troops die; shifts power from Axis to Allies
Lend-Lease Act
an act that would allow the U.S to stay “neutral” by lending war supplies to countries in need without directly fighting
Pearl Harbor
when Japanese forces bombed the United States; USA enters the war
Invasion of Normandy
allied airborne forces land on the beaches. Largest seaborne invasion in history. Begins liberation of France and allied victory in WWII
D-Day
The day that the battle of Normandy began; nickname
Island Hopping
when the USA would go from island to island in the Pacific to cut off Japanese supplies and inch forward to Japan
Battle of Midway
First significant Allied victory in the Pacific. Often considered the Pacific turning point.
Battle of Iwo Jima
One of the deadliest battles of WWII, secured an important position for the Allies before a future war
Battle of Okinawa
Last major battle before the Atomic Bombs
Kamikaze
when Japanese soldiers would commit suicide attacks
Manhattan Project
Harry Truman’s plan to create a secret atomic bomb to use on Japan
Hiroshima
the first city bombed; an important manufacturing and military center in Japan with 350,000+ people
Nagasaki
the second city bombed; bombed even worse because the first city wasn’t enough to make them surrender
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose assassination is said to trigger World War I
Gavrilo Princip
Serbian guy who assassinated Franz Ferdinand
David Lloyd George
UK prime minister during WWI
Woodrow Wilson
American president during World War I; 14 points
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Emperor of Germany during WWI; “prompter” of the war
George Clemenceau
Prime Minister of France during WWI
Vittorio Orlando
Prime Minister of Italy during WWI
Benito Mussolini
Italian dictator during WWII who lead the Fascist party
Adolf Hitler
Austrian-born German dictator during WWII who lead the Nazi party; infamous for antisemitism
FDR
American president during part of WWII
Eisenhower
American General during WWII
Joseph Stalin
Georgian-born Soviet dictator during WWII
Hideki Tojo
Japanese prime minister and military leader during WWII; controlled daily operations
Emperor Hirohito
Japanese; believed to be descended from god by the people, made some political decisions, technically the highest power
Neville Chamberlain
Prime Minister of Great Britain; advocates for appeasement with Hitler at Munich Agreement
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain that led them into victory in WWII
Harry Truman
American President during WWII / War in the Pacific that is known for making the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan
