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Cardiac output
When multiplying heart rate time stroke volume the product is:
Cardiac pacemaker or ICD Devices
Ablation therapy
Cardioverison external shock therapy
Depending on the cause and severity of an arrhythmia, treatment may include which of the following?
90
Systolic pressures greater than ____mm Hg generally ensure adequate perfusion of tissues.
QRS Complex
To ensure a normal sequence for each cardiac cycle, each P wave should be followed by a:
Pathogenic
Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases can be classified as:
The patient wearing a mask
The best method of preventing the spread of aerosol infections is by:
Virus
The common cold is an example of an infection by a:
Sterilization
The term that best describes the absolute removal of all life forms is:
Vector
A person is bitten by a mosquito and develops an infection. This type of transmission is known as:
Fomite
A healthcare worker is accidentally punctured with a contaminated needle. This type of transmission is known as:
Protect the patient from infection
The main focus/goal of good sterile technique is to:
Foley catheters
This type of catheter is held in place by an inflatable balloon at the end of insertion
is used primarily to empty the bladder
can be made of varying materials like latex and plastic
1 & 2
What parts of a gown are considered sterile?
Sleeves
Front from the waist up
Back from below the waist
500 mL
The normal adult patient should be able to tolerate how much fluid from a cleansing enema?
The enema filling process should be stopped
What should be done if cramping occurs during a barium enema?
Dehydration
A postural drop in blood pressure can occur after a barium enema as a result of:
10%
Approximately what percentage of colostomy patients has recurrences of cancer?
Action Potential
a measurement of the membrane potential waveform of the cardiac myocytes signifying the electrical activity of the cell during the contraction and relaxation of the heart
Asystole
without contraction, flat line. when your heart's electrical system fails entirely, which causes your heart to stop pumping
Cardiac Output
is determined by two key factors:
o Heart rate
o Left ventricular output (stroke volume)
Fibrillation
very rapid irregular contractions of the muscle fibers of the heart resulting in a lack of synchronism between heartbeat and pulse
Asepsis
the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
o the exclusion of bacteria and other microorganisms, typically during surgery
Bloodborne Pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms present in human blood
· Considered nosocomial
· Two types are of concern in hospital setting:
o HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
o HBV (hepatitis B virus)
Dimorphic
the existence of two different forms
Host
The organism from which a parasite obtains its nutrition and/or shelte
Iatrogenic
relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment
Nosocomial
infection acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission
Vector
Carrier, esp an animal that transfers an infective agent from one host to another (mosquito, tick)
Contaminated
presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface
Isolette
a clear plastic enclosed crib that maintains a warm environment for a new baby and isolates him or her from germs
Lithotomy Position
lying on your back with your legs flexed 90 degrees at your hips
Purulent
consisting of containing pus, often used in regard to drainage
-benign
Serous
reassembling serum, having a thin watery constitution of various bodily fluids
-typically pale yellow, and transparent fluid that fill (empty) body cavities
-benign
Subungual
a type of melanoma that starts under the nails
Enema
Used for bowel cleansing and to promote defecation. Required for contrast barium enema exam
Lumen
the inner spaces in tubes that transport liquids, gases or surgical devices during a medical procedure
NG Tube
are plastic or rubber tubes inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach
· They are used for administration of medications and gastric decompression or removal of flatus (gas) and fluids from the stomach after intestinal obstruction or major trauma
Perineum
is the region below the pelvic diaphragm
lower than the patient’s chest
Exterior assembly of the chest tubes must always remain
Foley
means balloon at the end
then output must be measured and recorded, unless otherwise noted
If the radiographer empties the urine collection bag
Prepare sterile table
Drop item onto table at 6 inches at a slight angle
No rips, not expired, it’s dry
How would you make the table sterile?
Gram staining
staining technique to classify bacteria
Athlete’s foot, ringworm, “tinea” (feet)
Common fungal infections:
Parasitic Protozoa
· Organisms are neither plant nor animal
· Larger than bacteria
· Classified by their motility
· Live on or in organisms at expense of host
1. Epicardium (outer surface)
2. Myocardium (muscle, thick part)
3. Endocardium (within, touches the blood)
Three layers of the heart
Diastole
relax, filling up with blood
Automaticity
process whereby cardiac cell membranes spontaneously depolarize at recurrent periods
Cardiac Conduction System
· The heart is composed of two principal cell types:
Working cardiac cells (myocardium)
Specialized neural conductive cells
Bradycardia
slow heartbeat
Tachycardia
fast heartbeat
Treatment of Arrhythmias
· Antiarrhythmic medications
· Cardioversion therapy
· Cardiac surgery
· Cardiac ablation
· Implantable devices
o Cardiac pacemaker
o Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)