Rad Tech Exam 4

Cardiac output

When multiplying heart rate time stroke volume the product is:

Cardiac pacemaker or ICD Devices

Ablation therapy

Cardioverison external shock therapy

Depending on the cause and severity of an arrhythmia, treatment may include which of the following?

90

Systolic pressures greater than ____mm Hg generally ensure adequate perfusion of tissues.

QRS Complex

To ensure a normal sequence for each cardiac cycle, each P wave should be followed by a:

Pathogenic

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases can be classified as:

The patient wearing a mask

The best method of preventing the spread of aerosol infections is by:

Virus

The common cold is an example of an infection by a:

Sterilization

The term that best describes the absolute removal of all life forms is:

Vector

A person is bitten by a mosquito and develops an infection.  This type of transmission is known as:

Fomite

A healthcare worker is accidentally punctured with a contaminated needle.  This type of transmission is known as:

Protect the patient from infection

The main focus/goal of good sterile technique is to:

Foley catheters

This type of catheter is held in place by an inflatable balloon at the end of insertion

• is used primarily to empty the bladder

• can be made of varying materials like latex and plastic

1 & 2

What parts of a gown are considered sterile?

1.   Sleeves

2. Front from the waist up

3. Back from below the waist

500 mL

The normal adult patient should be able to tolerate how much fluid from a cleansing enema?

The enema filling process should be stopped

What should be done if cramping occurs during a barium enema?

Dehydration

A postural drop in blood pressure can occur after a barium enema as a result of:

10%

Approximately what percentage of colostomy patients has recurrences of cancer?

Action Potential

a measurement of the membrane potential waveform of the cardiac myocytes signifying the electrical activity of the cell during the contraction and relaxation of the heart

Asystole

without contraction, flat line. when your heart's electrical system fails entirely, which causes your heart to stop pumping

Cardiac Output

is determined by two key factors:

o   Heart rate

o   Left ventricular output (stroke volume)

Fibrillation

very rapid irregular contractions of the muscle fibers of the heart resulting in a lack of synchronism between heartbeat and pulse

Asepsis

the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

o the exclusion of bacteria and other microorganisms, typically during surgery

Bloodborne Pathogens

Disease-causing microorganisms present in human blood

·      Considered nosocomial

·      Two types are of concern in hospital setting:

o   HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

o   HBV (hepatitis B virus)

Dimorphic

the existence of two different forms

Host

The organism from which a parasite obtains its nutrition and/or shelte

Iatrogenic

relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

Nosocomial

infection acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission

Vector

Carrier, esp an animal that transfers an infective agent from one host to another (mosquito, tick)

Contaminated

presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface

Isolette

a clear plastic enclosed crib that maintains a warm environment for a new baby and isolates him or her from germs

Lithotomy Position

lying on your back with your legs flexed 90 degrees at your hips

Purulent

consisting of containing pus, often used in regard to drainage

-benign

Serous

reassembling serum, having a thin watery constitution of various bodily fluids

-typically pale yellow, and transparent fluid that fill (empty) body cavities

-benign

Subungual

a type of melanoma that starts under the nails

Defecation

the discharge of feces from the body

Enema

Used for bowel cleansing and to promote defecation. Required for contrast barium enema exam

Flatus

gas in or from the stomach or intestines

Lumen

the inner spaces in tubes that transport liquids, gases or surgical devices during a medical procedure

NG Tube

are plastic or rubber tubes inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach

·      They are used for administration of medications and gastric decompression or removal of flatus (gas) and fluids from the stomach after intestinal obstruction or major trauma

Perineum

is the region below the pelvic diaphragm

Viscosity

- the state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction.

·      an important factor in diagnostic imaging procedures where the injection rate can be of critical importance

lower than the patient’s chest

Exterior assembly of the chest tubes must always remain

Foley

means balloon at the end

then output must be measured and recorded, unless otherwise noted

If the radiographer empties the urine collection bag

Prepare sterile table

Drop item onto table at 6 inches at a slight angle

No rips, not expired, it’s dry

How would you make the table sterile?

Gram staining

staining technique to classify bacteria

Athlete’s foot, ringworm, “tinea” (feet)

Common fungal infections:

Parasitic Protozoa

·      Organisms are neither plant nor animal

·      Larger than bacteria

·      Classified by their motility

·      Live on or in organisms at expense of host

1.     Epicardium (outer surface)

2.     Myocardium (muscle, thick part)

3.     Endocardium (within, touches the blood)

Three layers of the heart

Diastole

relax, filling up with blood

Automaticity

process whereby cardiac cell membranes spontaneously depolarize at recurrent periods

Cardiac Conduction System

·      The heart is composed of two principal cell types:

Working cardiac cells (myocardium)

Specialized neural conductive cells

Bradycardia

slow heartbeat

Tachycardia

fast heartbeat

Treatment of Arrhythmias

·      Antiarrhythmic medications

·      Cardioversion therapy

·      Cardiac surgery

·      Cardiac ablation

·      Implantable devices

o   Cardiac pacemaker

o   Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)