Pathophysiology

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Path/o/physi/o/logy

52 Terms

1

Candidiasis (Yeast infection)

Cause: Overgrowth of fungus (candida albicans)

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2

Symptoms: Vaginal itching, burning with urination, white vaginal discharge

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3

Diagnosis: Testing of vaginal discharge

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4

Treatment: Over the counter / prescription medication

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5

Ectopic Pregnancy

Cause: Zygote implantation in an area other than the uterine wall.

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6

Symptoms: Abdominal or pelvic pain with light bleeding.

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7

Diagnosis: Physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound

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8

Treatment: Termination of the pregnancy

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9

Endometriosis

Cause: When endometrial tissue grow outside the uterine lining.

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10

Symptoms: Pelvic pain with menstruation, pain with intercourse, pain with bowel movements / urination, infertility

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11

Diagnosis: Pelvic examination, ultrasound, laparoscopy

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12

Treatment: Pain medication, hormone therapy, laparoscopic surgery

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13

Genital Herpes

Cause: Herpes simplex virus spread via sexual contact

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14

Symptoms: Pain, itching, sores in genitals, initial flu-like symptoms

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15

Diagnosis: Visual examination of sores, testing sample from spores

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16

Treatment: INCURABLE, antivirals can prevent / shorten outbreaks.

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17

Inguinal Hernia

Cause: Portion of the intestines protrudes through a weak point of the abdominal wall.

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18

Symptoms: Bulging in groin accompanied by aching / weakness, pain with lifting, coughing, or movement

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19

Diagnosis: Physical examination

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20

Treatment: Surgery to repair if symptoms present. No symptoms usually, so no treatment.

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21

Testicular Torsion

Cause: Usually unknown. Some people are born with nothing keeping the testes in place.

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22

Symptoms: When the balls twist, killing one ball. Pain.

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23

Diagnosis: Physical examination

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24

Treatment: Untwist the balls, surgery necessary

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25

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Cause: Unknown. Hormonal changes?

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26

Symptoms: Enlargement of the prostates, uncomfortable urinary symptoms (UTI, kidney problems).

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27

Diagnosis: Digital rectal exam, urine test, prostate specific antigen test.

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28

Treatment: Transurethral resection of the prostate

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29

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Cause: Chronic condition, body cannot produce insulin.

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30

Symptoms: Excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, poor healing, numbness in hands and feet.

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31

Diagnosis: Blood tests to evaluate glucose metabolism

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32

Treatment: Monitoring blood sugar levels, insulin therapy, eating a healthy diet, managing weight.

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33

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Cause: Insulin resistance, from genetics, obesity, and lifestyle choice.

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34

Symptoms: Same as type 1

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35

Diagnosis: Same as type 1

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36

Treatment: Same as type 1, may be prescribed insulin if progresses.

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37

Cushing Syndrome

Cause: Caused by overuse of oral corticosteroids.

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38

Symptoms: Excessive fat deposits in subscapular and face.

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39

Diagnosis: Indications of high blood pressure, loss of muscle mass, glucose intolerance, weight gain.

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40

Treatment: Medications to lower levels of glucocorticoids.

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41

Hypothyroidism

Cause: Underproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland

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42

Symptoms: Increasing tiredness dry skin, constipation, weight gain

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43

Diagnosis: Blood tests, radioactive iodine uptake test, thyroid scans

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44

Treatment: Use of synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine

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45

Hyperthyroidism

Cause: Overproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland

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46

Symptoms: Sudden weight loss, rapid heartbeat, muscle weakness, disturbed sleep, tremor, weight loss, anxiety, irritability and bulging of the eyes.

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47

Diagnosis: Typically diagnosed by symptoms, thyroid hormone tests may also be used.

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48

Treatment: Antithyroid medications, oral radioactive iodine

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49

Grave's Disease

Cause: Malfunction in the body's immune system that disrupts normal thyroid regulation, resulting in hyperthyroidism.

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50

Symptoms: Significant enlargement of the thyroid gland, increased heartbeat, muscle weakness, disturbed sleep, tremor, weight loss, anxiety, irritability, bulging of the eyes.

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51

Diagnosis: Usually diagnosed by symptoms, thyroid hormone tests may be used.

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52

Treatment: Radioactive iodine therapy, antithyroid medications, beta blockers, surgery

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