chemistry - periodic trends and chromatography

how does atomic radius change on the periodic table

the atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the valance electron shells

the atomic radius increases down a period as the increased radius adds more shells and is decreases across a period as the valance electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus so are pulled in decreasing the atomic radius

how does electronegativity change on the periodic table

electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to its nucleus when forming a chemical bond
electronegativity decreases down a group because the attraction from nucleus is less due to larger atomic radius
increases across a period because core charger increases the valance shell electrons are pulled into the nucleus

how does ionisation energy change across the periodic table

ionisaton energy is the amount of energy required to remove one valence electron from an atom in the gas phase
decreases downa group because the atoms are larger (more shells) and so the outer shell electrons are further from the nucleus. it increases across a period because the core charge increases thus holding the elextrons in the outer shell more tightly

how does metallic character change across the periodic table

metallic character decreases as we move across a period

trends of reactivity of metals

the reactivity of a metal depends on its ability to give up an electron, increases down a group, because greater atomic radius, electrons further from the nucleus. decreases across a period, because electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus due to greater core charge

reactivity trends of a non metal

the reactivity of a non mental depends on its ability to gain an electron
decreases down a group as the electronegativity decreases due to greater atomic radius, increases acrosss a period as the electronegativity increases due to greater core charge

what is a solute and solvent

solute is the solid which is what is being dissolved and the solvent is the liquid which is what the solute is dissolvled in

what happens when a substance dissolved in another, what process occurs

• the particles of the solute are sperated from one another

• the particles of the solvent are seperated from one another

• the solvent and solute particles bond one another