reversed definitions ch 12

sex skin

Patch of skin around the genital area of females of many species of apes and monkeys - swells during ovulation to attract males

müllerian ducts

System of tubes in the fetus that will develop into elements of the female internal reproductive tract

Appetitive behaviors

Behaviors that establish , promote , or maintain sexual interaction

Guevedoces

Nickname for individuals that are born with femalelike genitalia but develop into males at puberty

proceptive behaviors

Behaviors emitted by a female mammal to solicit sexual interaction with a male

anosmic

Unable to smell

intromission

Insertion of the penis into the vagina

Onuf's nucleus

The motoneuronal nucleus of the human spinal cord that innervates the bulbocavernosus muscle

semen

A mixture of fluids plus sperm

spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus

Sexually dimorphic nucleus found in the spinal cord of rats - innervates muscles attached to the base of the penis

refractory period

Span of time following copulation during which no further mating will occur

bulbocavernosus

Muscle attached to the base of the penis

Coolidge effect

Propensity of an animal ( usually a male ) to resume copulating when provided with a new partner

SDN-POA

Sexually dimorphic nucleus found in the hypothalamus of rats

estrus

Period of sexual receptivity , or " heat , " in many species

higher vocal center (HVC)

Top - level nucleus in the control of birdsong

copulatory lock

Postcopulatory swelling of the penis that occurs in some species , preventing disengagement of the penis from the vagina

robustus archistriatum

Nucleus that controls the syrinx in song birds , thereby controlling song production

gametes

Collective name for sperm and ova

syrinx

Muscular organ that produces song in birds

anogenital distance

Gap between the genitals and anus , longer in male rats .

cloaca

General purpose duct used for reproduction and elimination of waste in both male and female birds

A-fetoprotein

Circulating substance that binds to estrogen and prevents it from entering the brain

Turner's syndrome

Disorder in which individuals have only one sex chromosome , an X

oviparity

Reproductive system that involves egg - laying

aromatization hypothesis

Proposal that testosterone is converted to estradiol in the brain , which then masculinizes the brain via estrogen receptors

viviparity

Reproductive system that involves the birth of live young

aromatase

Enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol

gonads

Collective name for testes and ovaries

monotremes

Mammals that are oviparous ( the platypus and the echidna are the only extant species

estradiol

The primary estrogenic hormone

sexual determination

The first event that determines whether an individual will become a male or a female

lordosis

Stereotyped female copulatory posture of rats and other species

precocial

Born in an advanced , functional state

homogametic sex

The sex in which individuals have two of the same type of sex chromosomes ( e.g. , XX )

castration

Surgical removal of the testes

altricical

Born in a helpless , immature state

heterogametic sex

The sex in which individuals have two different sex chromosomes ( e.g. , XY )

ovariectomy

Surgical removal of the ovaries

sensitive period

Time " window " in development during which a hormone can exert its organizing influence

sexual differentiation

The physiological process by which an individual turns into a male or a female

activational effect

Hormonal action in which a physiological or behavioral characteristic may be induced at any time

organizational effect

Permanent alteration determined by the actions of a hormone early in life

sexual selection

Special form of natural selection in which the demands of one sex shape the evolution of the body and behavior of the other sex

stud

Among rats , a proficient copulator

androgen insensitivity

Syndrome in which the individual's body fails to respond to endogenous androgens , due to a failure of androgen receptors

monogamy

Mating system in which a male and a female mate more or less exclusively with one another and usually form a stable pair bond

dud

Male rat that inexplicably fails to copulate

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Disorder in which a female is partially masculinized due to the excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

bigamy

General term for having two mates ( " two spouses " )

müllerian regression hormone

Protein hormone that causes the fetal precursors of parts of the female internal reproductive tract to atrophy

ovulatory cycle

Period of time from one release of eggs to the next ( about 4 days in rats , about 28 in women )

true hermaphrodites

Individuals that can make both sperm and ova , common among invertebrates

polygamy

General term for having more than two mates ( " many spouses " )

vulva

Collective name for the female external genitalia

serial hermaphrodites

Category of animals that can switch sexes successively

menstruation

Shedding of the uterine lining

sexual dimorphism

General term for a characteristic that differs between the two sexes

polyandry

Mating system in which females mate with more than one male

HIV

The virus responsible for AIDS

sexual monomorphism

General term for a characteristic that does not differ between the sexes

polygyny

Mating system in which males mate with more than one female

F prostaglandin

Hormone that participates in ovulation but also acts as a pheromone in goldfish

courtship

Period during which an individual can evaluate the quality of a potential mate

promiscuity

Mating system in which both males and females may have multiple mates

vomeronasal organ

Accessory olfactory system specialized for detecting pheromones

parthenogenesis

Reproductive system in which females spontaneously give birth to offspring without mating

priming effect

In the context of sexual behavior , the propensity of something to prepare an individual to copulate . Pheromones have this effect in many species

5-A-reductase

Enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT

fission

Reproductive system of unicellular organisms , in which an individual simply splits into two " daughter " cells

dihydrotestosterone

Metabolite of testosterone responsible for stimulating the development of masculine external genitalia

wolffian ducts

System of tubes that eventually develops into elements of the male internal reproductive tract

SRY

Gene whose protein induces the indifferent gonad to differentiate into a testis