Abdominal Wall pt 1

Seven layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall

1. Skin

2. Superficial Fascia

3. Deep fascia

4. Muscles

5. Transversalis fascia

6. Extraperitoneal fascia

7. Parietal Peritoneum

The skin at the abdominal wall is loosely attached to the underlying structures except at ______

the umbilicus

Scar representing the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus

Umbilicus

The cutaneous nerve supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall is derived from?

Anterior rami of the lower six thoracic and the first lumbar nerves

The first lumbar nerve is represented by the ______ and ______ nerves

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Dermatome of T7 is located where?

epigastrium over the xiphoid process

Dermatome of T10 is located where?

umbilicus

Dermatome of L1 is located where?

above the inguinal ligament and the symphysis pubis

Branches of the _______ and ______ epigastric arteries supply the skin near the midline

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries

These supply the skin of the flanks

Branches of the intercostal, lumbar, and deep circumflex iliac arteries

These supply the skin in the inguinal region

1. Superficial epigastric

2. Superficial Circumflex iliac

3. Superficial external pudendal arteries

4. Branches of Femoral artery

Venous drainage from the upper abdominal wall passes mainly into the ___________ via the ______________

axillary vein via the lateral thoracic vein

Venous drainage from the lower abdominal wall passes mainly into the ___________ via the ______________

femoral vein via the superficial epigastric and the great saphenous veins

Camper’s Fascia and Scarpa’s Fascia belong to what layer?

Superficial Fascia

The fatty layer of the superficial fascia is known as _____

Camper’s Fascia

The membranous layer of the superficial fascia is known as ______

Scarpa’s Fascia

This layer of the superficial fascia is continuous with the superficial fat over the rest of the body

Camper’s Fasca

When the membranous fascia attaches to the margins of the pubic arch is is called _____

Colle’s Fascia

In the ______ the fatty layer of the superficial fascia exists as a thin layer of smooth muscle: dartos muscle

scrotum

Thin layer of connective tissue covering the muscles

Deep fascia

These form the rectus sheath

aponeuroses of the three sheets enclosing the rectus abdominis

Small muscle in the lower part of the rectus sheath that is commonly absent

pyramidalis

The superficial inguinal ring lies where?

immediately above and medial to the pubic tubercle

What structure passes through the superficial inguinal ring?

Spermatic cord / Round ligament of the uterus

The lower border of the aponeurosis is folded backward on itself between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle forming ________

inguinal ligament

The free crescenteric edge of this ligament forms the medial margin of the femoral ring

Lacunar ligament

AT the pectineal line, the lacunar ligament becomes continuous with what ligament?

pectineal ligament

The conjoint tendon is formed by what?

lower tendinous fibers of the internal oblique are joint by similar fibers from the transversus abdominis

The cremaster muscle arises from what abdominal muscle?

internal oblique

Which abdominal muscle has a free posterior border

External oblique

Long strap muscle that extends along the whole length of the anterior abdominal wall

Rectus Abdominis

This structure separates the rectus abdominis

linea alba

when the rectus abdominis contracts, its lateral margin forms a curved ridge, the _____________

linea semilunaris

Levels of the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis

1. Xiphoid process

2. between xiphoid process and umbilicus

3. Umbilicus

Above the costal margin, the rectus sheath is formed by?

Anterior - aponeurosis of the ex oblique

Posterior - Thoracic wall

Between the costal margin and the arcuate line, the rectus sheath is formed by?

Internal oblique - encloses the rectus

External oblique - anterior

Transversus aponeurosis - behind

Between the level of the arcuate line and the pubis, the rectus sheath is formed by?

Anterior - aponeurosis of all three muscles

Posterior - absent

Function of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall

assist the diaphragm during inspiration by relaxing as the diaphragm descends

Nerves supplying the oblique and transverse abdominis muscles

Lower six thoracic nerves and the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Thin layer of fascia that lies between the muscle layer of the abdominal wall and the parietal peritoneum

Transversalis Fascia

What structures lie within the transversalis fascia

abdominal blood and lymph vessels

True/False: The principal nerves of the abdominal wall lie in the transversalis fascia

false

The spermatic cord is formed at _________

opening of the inguinal canal

Layer between the transversalis fascia and the parietal peritoneum

Extraperitoneal fascia

The extraperitoneal fascia is a connective tissue containing variable amount of ____

fat

The ________________ are lined with parietal peritoneum

deep sides of the walls of the abdomen

These innervate the central part of the diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum

phrenic nerves

These innervate the peripheral part of the diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum

lower intercostal nerves

True/False: L1 does not enter the rectus sheath

True

This supplies the upper central part of the anterior abdominal wall

Superior epigastric artery

The superior epigastric artery is a branch of the _______ artery

internal thoracic artery

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the ________________

external iliac artery

This supplies the lower central part of the anterior abdominal wall

Inferior epigastric artery

The deep circumflex artery is a branch of the ______________

external iliac arteryS

Supplies the lower lateral part of the abdominal wall

Deep circumflex iliac artery

These supply the lateral part of the abdominal wall

Lower two posterior intercostal arteries and the four lumbar arteries