Ch.22 - Darwin

Darwin’s explanation of how adaptions arise centered on

Natural Selection

Homologies that appear to have marginal, if any, importance to an organism are called

Vestigial Structures

What does each branch point on an evolutionary tree represent?

The common ancestor of the lineage beginning there and to the right of it

The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bonds in whales have very diff. shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all 3 kinds of organism diverged from a common ancestor at the same time. What is the explanation for this data?

Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy

Which of the following is not an observation or interference that Darwin made while developing his theory of evolution

Interactions between individuals and their environments cause individuals to evolve

An __ is the smallest unit that can evolve

Population

How does our understanding of genetics today refute Lamarck’s principle of the inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Experiments in genetics show that traits acquired during an individuals lifetime are not inherited in the way proposed by Lamarck

The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus has developed resistance to some antibiotic drugs. How did this resistance come about?

Some members of the bacteria population possessed some sort of genetic variation for antibiotic resistance that was selected for when the bacteria was exposed to drugs

On an evolutionary tree, ________

Homologous characteristics form a nested pattern

What does it mean to describe evolution as a scientific theory

Evolution is a broad model that is supported by many observations and much experimental evidence

Darwin originally defined evolution as _______

Descent with modification

Which of the following is not an observation or interference on which natural selection is based?

Poorly adapted in visuals never produce offspring

A population of zooplankton is exposed to a small # of predatory fish that feed on larger-sized zooplankton. Which of the following predictions would most like occur based on natural selection?

Adult zooplankton will start to reach sexual maturity when they are still relatively small

In Darwin’s view of descent with modification, _______

Natural selection can improve the match between an organism and its environment

All known organism transcribe genetic information to protein molecules via the same genetic code. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that that ______.

All organism are descended from a single common ancestor

Adaptions

Inherited characteristics of organism that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments

Endemic

Organism found only in specific places in the world

Carolus Linnaeus is considered to be the found of ____, and he ______

the binomial classification system; thought that resemblances among different species reflected the pattern of their creation

Paleontology (study of fossils) was developed by

George Curvier