Anatomy lab chapter 3

Integumentary system

epidermis

thin superficial layer of the skin

dermis

deeper thicker layer of the skin

layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)

stratum corneum

stratum lucidum

stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum germinative/basale

stratum lucidum

only found in thick epidermis

stratum germinativum/basale

contains stem cells that replenish cells as superficial layers slough off

melanocytes

cells that dictate the color of our skin

melanin

what melanocytes produce which uv radiation

pale ivory skin

low melanocyte activity

dark ebony skin

high melanocyte activity

carotene

orange pigment

dermal blood supply

rosy appearance

blister

friction causing the two layer to separate filling with fluid

fingerprints

epidermal ridges that extend into the stratum corneum; increase grip

meissner’s/Tactile corpuscles

light pressure receptor

pacinian/lamellar corpsules

heavy pressure receptor

merkel cells

soft touch or stroke receptor

collagen fiber

strength

elastin fibers

stretch

keratin

protein that makes up hair and nails and functions to protect

terminal hair

long thick hairs found on the head, eyebrows, and pubic areas

vellus hair

short and thin hair that comprises most of the body’s hair

arrector pili muscle

lifts the hair shaft upon nervous stimulation which increases skin sensitivity

papilla

vascular structure that provides nutrients

matrix

location of new hair growth

shaft layers (superficial to deep)

cuticle

cortex

medulla

nail matrix

mitotically active zone of nail growth

lunula

newly formed and undifferentiated white cells of nail body

eponychium

epidermal cells dragged forward along the body as the nail grows (cuticle)

hyponychium

epidermal cells dragged beneath the body as the nail grows

secretory glands

located in the dermis and empty onto the surface of the skin

sudoriferous glands

produces watery secretion called sweat

eccrine

found abundantly across the body and excrete mostly water

apocrine

found in the armpits, groin, and surrounding the nipples, this gland produces a more concentrated secretion

sebaceous gland

produces oily secretion call sebum; associated with hair follicles

ceruminous glands

produces waxy secretion called cerumen; found in the ear

mammary glands

produce milk; found in the breasst but only active in pregnant and nursing women

secretions functions

to cool, lubricate and protect skin

hypodermis

connective tissue; bigger and located below the dermis

1st degree burn

only affects the epidermis

2nd degree burn

affects the dermis and the epidermis

3rd degree burn

affects the dermis, epidermis and the hypodermis

rule of 9s

used to map out how much of the body is burned