Unit 1,2 Test!!

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Dehydration synthesis

Links monomers to make a polymer; releases water. Key Words: linking and water release.

Hydrolysis

Splits a polymer into monomers; uses water. Key Words: splitting using water, p to m

Monomer

building block of a polymer. Key Words: building, polymer

Polymer

monomers joined together. Key Words: monomers, joined

Carbohydrate

Used for energy. Key Word: energy

Monosaccharide

monomer of a carbohydrate. Key Words: monomer, carbohydrate

Polysaccharide

complex sugar. Those are the key words.

Lipids

Used in membranes and used for long term energy storage. Key Words: membranes, long term, energy storage

Phospolipids

A lipid found in cell membranes. Key Words: lipid, cell membranes

Saturated Fats

Solid at room temp with the maximum amount of hydrogens. Key Words: solid, maximum hydrogen

Unsaturated Fats

Liquid at room temp without the maximum amount of hydrogens. Key Words: liquid, no maximum hydrogen

Protein

Used as a catalyst, has four levels of structure. Key Words: catalyst, four levels

Amino Acid

monomer of protein. Key Words: protein, monomer

Enzymes

Used to speed up a reaction & lower energy of activation. Key Words: speed reaction, lower energy

Nucleic Acid

Carries genetic information. Key Words: genetic

Nucleotide

Building block of DNA & RNA. Key Words: building block, DNA/RNA

Fluid Mosaic Model

Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer. Key Words: plasma membrane structure, molecules free to move

Selective Permeability

Process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out. Key Words: membrane, pass through, some out

Channel (Transport) Proteins

Acts as a tunnel through the membrane that allows molecules to move through. Key Words: tunnel, membrane, molecules

Receptor Proteins

Membrane protein that binds to signals outside the cell. Key Words: membrane proteins, binds, signals outside cell

Passive Transport

Movement of materials from high to low without using energy. Key Words: movement, high/low, no energy use

Concentration gradient

Difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. Key Words: difference, concentration, distance

Diffusion

Process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Key Words: molecules, high con to low

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. Key Words: moving molecules, cell membranes, protein channels

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Key Words: diffusion, water, permeable membrane

Active Transport

Movement of materials from low to high, uses energy. Key Words: movement, low/high, uses energy

Endocytosis

Process by which a cell membrane encloses a particle in a vesicle to bring it into the cell. Key Words: cell membrane, encloses, vesicle, bring into cell

Exocytosis

Process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell. Key Words: vesicles, release, outside cell

Hypertonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes. Key Words: solution, greater concentration

Hypotonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes. Key Words: solution, less concentration of solutes

Capsule

Coating that surrounds some bacteria, protecting the cell

Cell Wall

Composed of cellulose and used to provide structure

Chloroplast

Used in photosynthesis

Chromatin

DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes

Chromosomes

Carry genetic material, can be copied & passed on

Cilia

Short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion/movement

Cristae

Folds in the mitochondria

Cytoplasm

Fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Cytoskeleton

Network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus & membrane bound organelles

Flagella

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion/movement

Golgi apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell. Cell probably has a function of protein making if it has this.

Lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

Microfilaments

Thin, solid part of the cytoskeleton made of actin

Microtubules

Longer, hollow part of the cytoskeleton that form flagella

Mitochondria

Makes ATP (energy)

Nucleoid region

Coiled DNA of a prokaryotic cell

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

Pili

Used by bacteria to attach to surfaces

Plasmid

Circular piece of DNA

Prokaryotic cell

No nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Rough ER

Covered in ribosomes and used to make membrane proteins

Smooth ER

Used to detoxify drugs & make lipids

Vacuoles

Used to store food and water

Vesicle

Sac use to carry molecules

What parts will you find in a prokaryotic cell?

Cilia, cell wall, membranes, ribosomes and flagella

What part will you NOT find in a prokaryotic cell?

Lysosome, nucleus, DNA, ER, mitochondria, and Golgi

What element is found in all organic compounds?

Carbon

Osmosis vs. Diffusion

Osmosis is movement of water, Diffusion is a moment of any atom. Both are movement from high to low.

Animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will...

Burst

Animal cell placed in hypertonic will...

drain/shrink

Plant cell placed in hypotonic will...

Go turgid

Plant cell placed in hypertonic will..

Shrink, plasmolysis will occur