Studied by 19 people
Dehydration synthesis
Links monomers to make a polymer; releases water. Key Words: linking and water release.
Hydrolysis
Splits a polymer into monomers; uses water. Key Words: splitting using water, p to m
Monomer
building block of a polymer. Key Words: building, polymer
Polymer
monomers joined together. Key Words: monomers, joined
Carbohydrate
Used for energy. Key Word: energy
Monosaccharide
monomer of a carbohydrate. Key Words: monomer, carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
complex sugar. Those are the key words.
Lipids
Used in membranes and used for long term energy storage. Key Words: membranes, long term, energy storage
Phospolipids
A lipid found in cell membranes. Key Words: lipid, cell membranes
Saturated Fats
Solid at room temp with the maximum amount of hydrogens. Key Words: solid, maximum hydrogen
Unsaturated Fats
Liquid at room temp without the maximum amount of hydrogens. Key Words: liquid, no maximum hydrogen
Protein
Used as a catalyst, has four levels of structure. Key Words: catalyst, four levels
Amino Acid
monomer of protein. Key Words: protein, monomer
Enzymes
Used to speed up a reaction & lower energy of activation. Key Words: speed reaction, lower energy
Nucleic Acid
Carries genetic information. Key Words: genetic
Nucleotide
Building block of DNA & RNA. Key Words: building block, DNA/RNA
Fluid Mosaic Model
Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer. Key Words: plasma membrane structure, molecules free to move
Selective Permeability
Process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out. Key Words: membrane, pass through, some out
Channel (Transport) Proteins
Acts as a tunnel through the membrane that allows molecules to move through. Key Words: tunnel, membrane, molecules
Receptor Proteins
Membrane protein that binds to signals outside the cell. Key Words: membrane proteins, binds, signals outside cell
Passive Transport
Movement of materials from high to low without using energy. Key Words: movement, high/low, no energy use
Concentration gradient
Difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. Key Words: difference, concentration, distance
Diffusion
Process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Key Words: molecules, high con to low
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. Key Words: moving molecules, cell membranes, protein channels
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Key Words: diffusion, water, permeable membrane
Active Transport
Movement of materials from low to high, uses energy. Key Words: movement, low/high, uses energy
Endocytosis
Process by which a cell membrane encloses a particle in a vesicle to bring it into the cell. Key Words: cell membrane, encloses, vesicle, bring into cell
Exocytosis
Process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell. Key Words: vesicles, release, outside cell
Hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes. Key Words: solution, greater concentration
Hypotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes. Key Words: solution, less concentration of solutes
Capsule
Coating that surrounds some bacteria, protecting the cell
Cell Wall
Composed of cellulose and used to provide structure
Chloroplast
Used in photosynthesis
Chromatin
DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
Chromosomes
Carry genetic material, can be copied & passed on
Cilia
Short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion/movement
Cristae
Folds in the mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytoskeleton
Network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps to keep its shape, and aids in movement
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus & membrane bound organelles
Flagella
A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion/movement
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell. Cell probably has a function of protein making if it has this.
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Microfilaments
Thin, solid part of the cytoskeleton made of actin
Microtubules
Longer, hollow part of the cytoskeleton that form flagella
Mitochondria
Makes ATP (energy)
Nucleoid region
Coiled DNA of a prokaryotic cell
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Pili
Used by bacteria to attach to surfaces
Plasmid
Circular piece of DNA
Prokaryotic cell
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Rough ER
Covered in ribosomes and used to make membrane proteins
Smooth ER
Used to detoxify drugs & make lipids
Vacuoles
Used to store food and water
Vesicle
Sac use to carry molecules
What parts will you find in a prokaryotic cell?
Cilia, cell wall, membranes, ribosomes and flagella
What part will you NOT find in a prokaryotic cell?
Lysosome, nucleus, DNA, ER, mitochondria, and Golgi
What element is found in all organic compounds?
Carbon
Osmosis vs. Diffusion
Osmosis is movement of water, Diffusion is a moment of any atom. Both are movement from high to low.
Animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will...
Burst
Animal cell placed in hypertonic will...
drain/shrink
Plant cell placed in hypotonic will...
Go turgid
Plant cell placed in hypertonic will..
Shrink, plasmolysis will occur
