Proteins, Enzymes, and Biochemistry

Proteins are made of…

Proteins are made of…

amino acids

Amino acids contain ___ groups

3

Amino acid groups

amino, carboxyl, and side groups

When two amino acids bond, it is called a

peptide bond

When many proteins link it is called a ___

polypeptide

The shape of the protein is determined by the ___ of amino acids

sequence

Proteins aid in ____

movement

Proteins aid in ____

structure

Enzyme

Proteins help control reactions of the body.

Enzyme Reactions

Storage, regulation, defense, and transport

Enzymes act as a biological…

Catalyst

When an enzyme lowers the activation energy, it is ___ up the reaction

speeding

Carbonic Andrahyse

Takes carbon dioxide away from the cells for exhalation.

Catalase

Catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

The majority of enzymes end in

-ase

Enzymes are never _______ in a reaction.

used up

Enzyme (definition

a protein that speeds up the chemical reactions of a cell to a biologically useful rate

Active Site

Place on the enzyme where the substrate bonds and where the reactions occurs.

Substrate

The reactant that is broken down or put together.

Product

The final molecule at the end of the reactionE

Enzyme Substrate Complex

The molecule that results from the bonding of the enzyme and substrate.

An enzyme can only work on __ substrate.

1

Competitive Inhibition

When copycat substrates attempt to bind to an active site.

Non-Competitive Inhibition

When enzymes have two binding sites, on for the substrate and another for the non-competitive inhibitor. When the non-competitive site is not bound to the active site, the enzyme can attach itself and the reaction continues as usual.

Temperature and pH

If an enzyme is in an environment that is too acidic or basic it will not work properly. An environment that is too hot or cold won’t work properly either.

denature

If the bonds between amino acids are not stable at certain temperatures or pHs, the enzyme will…

Protein Formula

NH2 CH COOH

CH2O

Carbohydrate

CHO

Lipid

CHON

Protein

CHONP

Nucleic Acid