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What is Bioinformatics?
Integrates biology, CS, stats
What data does Bioinformatics process?
DNA, RNA, proteins
List applications of Bioinformatics.
Gene prediction, drug design
Name a sequence alignment tool.
BLAST
Name a phylogenetic classification method.
ClustalW
Example of a visualization tool?
Kringle, EGF
What is the management of genomic datasets?
Storage
What type of analysis identifies ORFs?
Sequence Analysis
What predicts 3D protein structures?
Modeling
What are the two types of sequence alignment?
Global vs. Local
Which method uses Needleman-Wunsch?
Global Alignment
Which method uses Smith-Waterman?
Local Alignment
What is demonstrated on Pages
?
Computational alignment complexity
What technique is used for gene prediction?
ORF scanning
What is plotted to evaluate hydrophobicity?
Hydrophobicity plots
What defines Open Reading Frames (ORFs)?
Regions between start and stop codons
What is the role of ORFs?
Identify coding regions
What components make up DNA?
Deoxyribose, phosphate, bases
What bonds link DNA nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
What pairs with purines in DNA?
Pyrimidines
What sugar does RNA contain?
Ribose sugar
What base does RNA have instead of thymine?
Uracil
What does transcription involve?
DNA → mRNA
What does translation entail?
mRNA → Protein
Why is the reading frame important?
Alters protein products
What structure do amino acids have?
NH2 and COOH groups
What do peptide bonds form?
Polypeptide chains
What effect do frame shifts have?
Drastically alter protein
What determines protein function?
3D Protein Structure
Methods to analyze 3D Protein Structure?
X-ray, NMR, computational tools
What does Functional Genomics focus on?
Gene expression
Techniques used in Functional Genomics?
Microarrays, 2D electrophoresis
What is Proteomics?
Protein identification and characterization
Key applications of Structural Genomics?
Predicts 3D structures
What does phylogenetics study?
Evolutionary relationships
What does the Tree of Life include?
Bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes
Impact of reading frame shifts?
Affects protein outcome
Note 
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