Key Concepts in Pathogens and Drug Trials

Diffusion

the movement of particles via a concentration gradient.

Tissue

a group of cells working together to perform a similar function.

Viral Diseases

HIV, Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Measles.

Bacterial Diseases

Gonorrhea, Salmonella.

Protist Diseases

Malaria.

Fungal Diseases

Athlete's foot, Rose black spot.

Transmission of pathogens

could include: direct contact, water, air, unhygienic food preparation, and vectors.

Pathogens entry points

enter the body through our: nose, mouth, eyes, or through wounds.

Drug trial stages

1.) preclinical, 2.) animal trials, 3.) human clinical trials.

Drugs testing requirements

Toxicity (Safety) = To check if it has other side effects that harm people. Effectiveness (Efficacy) = To check how effective a drug is. Dosage = the optimum quantity required to treat the disease.

Double Blind Trial

neither the participants nor the researchers are aware which group has been given the drug and which group has been given the placebo.

Placebo

A placebo is a 'dummy' treatment with no medical or therapeutic value.

Photosynthesis word equation

Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.

Limiting factors for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide, Temperature, Light intensity.