Lecture 6 (Autonomic Nervous System)

The autonomic nervous system is designed to maintain __________.

Homeostasis

What two things does the autonomic nervous system control?

Visceral organs, glandular secretions

The ANS is activated by centers located in…

• Spinal cord

• Brain stem

• Hypothalamus

• Cerebral cortex

The ANS often operates through __________ reflexes.

Visceral

The ANS can be divided into what two systems?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

What two neurotransmitters do neurons from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems secrete?

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Sympathetic stimulation mainly causes ________ effects in organs.

Excitatory

Parasympathetic stimulation mainly causes _________ effects in organs.

Inhibitory

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All of the following increase during activation of the sympathetic nervous system except:

• Arterial pressure

• Blood flow to muscles

• Blood flow to GI tract and kidneys

• Metabolism

• Glycolysis in liver and muscle

• Muscle strength

• Mental activity

Blood flow to GI tract and kidneys

The adrenal medulla synthesizes which two hormones?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

What is the difference between sympathetic stimulation and the release of epinephrine/norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

• Nervous stimulation only affects innvervated organs, epi/norepi affect all tissues in body

• Epi/norepi effects last 10x as long