Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and relationships between anatomy and physiology as presented in the lecture notes.

What is the primary focus of anatomy?

Anatomy studies the form and structure of the body.

What is the primary focus of physiology?

Physiology examines how the body functions.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic process by which scientists observe natural events, develop hypotheses, experiment, and collect data to support or modify hypotheses.

What does microscopic anatomy study?

Microscopic anatomy examines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye.

What are the divisions of microscopic anatomy?

Cytology (study of body cells) and histology (study of tissues).

What is gross anatomy?

Gross anatomy investigates structures visible to the unaided eye.

What is systemic anatomy?

Systemic anatomy studies the anatomy of each body system.

What is the focus of neurophysiology?

Neurophysiology studies the functioning of nerves and nervous system organs.

Which field of physiology focuses on the heart and blood vessels?

Cardiovascular physiology.

What is homeostasis?

The ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment despite changing external conditions.

What are the three components of a homeostatic system?

Receptor, control center, and effector.

What is negative feedback?

A control mechanism that counteracts changes in a variable to maintain homeostasis.

What is positive feedback?

A control mechanism that enhances or intensifies changes in a variable, leading to a climactic event.

What is the anatomical position?

Upright stance, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward, head level, and eyes looking forward.

What are body cavities?

Spaces within the body that house internal organs, classified into posterior aspect and ventral cavity.

What is the difference between parietal and visceral layers of serous membranes?

Parietal layers line the internal surface of body walls; visceral layers cover the external surface of organs.

Which organ system is responsible for gas exchange?

The respiratory system.

What does the term 'proximal' refer to?

Closer to the point of attachment to the body.

What is the role of the endocrine system?

To regulate body functions through the secretion of hormones.

What is the main function of the urinary system?

Filters blood to remove waste products and expels them as urine.

How does a negative feedback system work in regulating blood glucose?

It returns blood glucose levels to a set point by controlling insulin and glucagon release.

What is the significance of studying anatomy and physiology together?

Integrating both helps understand how form and function are interrelated, as anatomical structures facilitate their specific functions.