Translation (L4)

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7 Terms

1
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define translation

thr process of protein synthesis after transription of DNA to RNA.

2
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what occurs to mRNA?

it’s decoded in a ribosome outside the nucleus.

3
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define codon

a sequence of 3 DNA or RNA nucleotides that code for a specific AA or stop signal.

4
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how many possible combinations can be made from the 4 nucleotides.

64 (43 = 64)

5
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why does only 61 of the 64 codons represent AAs?

UAA, UAG & UGA are stop signals.

6
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describe the process of translation.

  1. mRNA attaches to ribosome

  2. 1st tRNA attaches to start codon by complementary base pairing.

  3. a 2nd tRNA attaches to next codon on mRNA.

  4. AAs on tRNAs joined by a peptide bond, used tRNA leaves

  5. ribosome moves to next mRNA codon to continue, creating an AA chain.

  6. when stop codon reached, ribosome releases the polypeptide.

<ol><li><p>mRNA attaches to ribosome</p></li><li><p>1st tRNA attaches to start codon by complementary base pairing.</p></li><li><p>a 2nd tRNA attaches to next codon on mRNA.</p></li><li><p>AAs on tRNAs joined by a peptide bond, used tRNA leaves</p></li><li><p>ribosome moves to next mRNA codon to continue, creating an AA chain.</p></li><li><p>when stop codon reached, ribosome releases the polypeptide.</p></li></ol>
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