Fat Soluble Vitamins - High Yield

Vitamin A – Function

Vision; epithelial growth & differentiation; immunity; reproduction & development

Vitamin A – Deficiency

Night blindness; xerophthalmia; skin hyperkeratosis; impaired immunity

Vitamin D – Function

Calcium & phosphate homeostasis; bone health; cell growth & differentiation; immunity

Vitamin D – Deficiency

Rickets (children); osteomalacia & osteoporosis (adults)

Vitamin E – Function

Antioxidant in lipophilic environment

Vitamin E – Deficiency

Neuropathy; myopathy; hemolytic anemia

Vitamin K – Function

Coagulation; bone formation

Vitamin K – Deficiency

Coagulopathy

Vitamin A – Fortified Foods

Milk and milk products

Vitamin A – Fortification Benefit

Prevention of blindness

Vitamin D – Fortified Foods

Milk and milk products

Vitamin D – Fortification Benefit

Prevention of rickets and osteoporosis

Vitamin A – Toxicity Cause

Excessive supplementation (not carotenoids)

Vitamin A – Toxicity Symptoms

Teratogenicity; bone demineralization; dry skin; liver damage; GI symptoms

Vitamin D – Toxicity Cause

Excessive supplementation (not UV exposure)

Vitamin D – Toxicity Symptoms

Hypercalcemia; soft tissue calcification; kidney stones

Vitamin E – Toxicity Cause

Excessive supplementation (not from high-vitamin E foods)

Vitamin E – Toxicity Symptoms

Increased bleeding risk; hemorrhagic stroke; antagonizes vitamin K–dependent clotting

Vitamin K – Toxicity

None (no known toxicity; no UL established)