2_2 Risk & Benefit of PA (Absolute or Relative Contraindications)

Absolute Contraindications

should not perform exercise testing until conditions are controlled/treated

Relative Contraindications

may be tested only after careful evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio

acute myocardial infarction within 2 days

absolute

ongoing unstable angina

absolute

uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias with hemodynamic compromise

absolute

acute endocarditis

absolute

symptomatic severe aortic stenosis

absolute

decompensated heart failure (uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure)

absolute

acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep venous thrombosis

absolute

acute myocarditis (inflammatory cardiomyopathy) or pericarditis

absolute

suspected or known dissecting aneurysm

absolute

acute systemic infection, accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands

absolute

left main coronary artery stenosis

relative

moderate stenotic valvular heart disease

relative

Electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia)

relative

severe arterial hypertension (SBP of >200mmHh and/or DBP of >110mmHg) at rest

relative

tachydysrhytmia with uncontrolled ventricular rates

relative

recent stroke or transient ischemia attack

relative

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other forms of outflow tract obstruction

relative

neuromotor, musculoskeletal, or rheumatoid disorders that are exacerbated by exercise

relative

ventricular aneurysm

relative

uncontrolled metabolic disease (e.g diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, or myxedema

relative

chronic infectious disease (HIV)

relative

mental or physical impairment leading to inability to exercise adequately

relative

pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction

blockage of the main artery of the lung

myocarditis (inflammatory cardiomyopathy)

inflammation of myocardium

endocarditis

inflammation of the inside of chambers and valves

pericarditis

inflammation of pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart)

aneurysm

a localized, blood filling ballon like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel