Child and Adolescent Brain Development Study Guide

Prenatal Development

Growth and changes before birth.

Neural Tube

Structure forming brain and spinal cord.

Quickening

First fetal movements felt by the mother.

Lanugo

Fine hair covering the fetus.

Vernix

Protective coating on fetal skin.

Myelination

Formation of myelin sheath around neurons.

Normal Birth Weight

Weight between 2500-4000g at birth.

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

Weight less than 2500g at birth.

Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW)

Weight less than 1500g at birth.

Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW)

Weight less than 1000g at birth.

Preterm Birth

Birth before 37 weeks of gestation.

Full-term Birth

Birth between 37-42 weeks of gestation.

Post-term Birth

Birth after 42 weeks of gestation.

Corrected Age

Chronological age minus weeks born early.

Neuropathological Differences

Brain abnormalities in premature infants.

Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)

Bleeding in the brain's ventricles.

Cognitive Deficits

Impairments in thinking and understanding.

Auditory System

Pathways converting sound to neural signals.

Wernicke's Area

Brain region for language comprehension.

Broca's Area

Brain region for language production.

Aphasia

Language impairment due to brain damage.

Dyslexia

Reading difficulty due to phonological issues.

Cerebellum

Brain structure for coordination and balance.

Fusiform Face Area (FFA)

Brain area specialized for facial recognition.

Prosopagnosia

Inability to recognize faces.

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

Ability to manage and recognize emotions.