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Cell membrane
A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds and encloses the contents of a cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A network of membranes with ribosomes attached to its surface, involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins.
Golgi apparatus
A stack of flattened membrane sacs that processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids within the cell.
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where many cellular processes occur.
Lysosome
A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Ribosome
A small organelle involved in protein synthesis, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A network of membranes involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates, lacking ribosomes on its surface.
Mitochondrion
An organelle responsible for energy production through aerobic respiration and the synthesis of ATP.
Nucleus
The central organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material and controls cellular activities.
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm and controlling the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear pores
Openings in the nuclear envelope that allow for the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm
The granular, jelly-like material within the nucleus that houses the chromosomes and other nuclear components.
Chromosomes
Structures composed of DNA and proteins that carry the genetic information of the cell.
Nucleolus
A smaller sphere within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced and ribosomes are assembled.
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