History Chapter 19 Quiz

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in 1914 sparked the beginning of World War I.

Porfirio Díaz

Longtime dictator of Mexico (1876–1911), overthrown during the Mexican Revolution due to widespread corruption and inequality.

Victoriano Huerta

Mexican general who seized power in 1913 after Díaz’s fall; his brutal regime was opposed by revolutionaries and the U.S.

Pancho Villa

Mexican revolutionary leader who fought against Huerta and later attacked a U.S. town, prompting an American military expedition.

John J. Pershing

U.S. general who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I and previously pursued Pancho Villa in Mexico.

Triple Alliance

Pre–World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (though Italy later switched sides in the war).

Triple Entente

Alliance before and during World War I between France, Russia, and Britain, formed to counter the Triple Alliance.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

German emperor and king of Prussia during World War I; his aggressive policies helped ignite the war.

Propaganda

Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or viewpoint, especially during wartime.

Unrestricted submarine warfare

German wartime policy of sinking all ships, including civilian and neutral ones, in British waters without warning.

Lusitania

British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing Americans and heightening tensions leading to U.S. entry into WWI.

Zimmermann telegram

Secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the U.S.; its interception pushed the U.S. toward war.

Selective Service Act

U.S. law passed in 1917 requiring men to register for military draft during World War I.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

1917–1918 laws that restricted speech critical of the U.S. government or war effort, used to silence dissent.

Trench warfare

A form of combat in WWI where opposing armies fought from deep ditches, leading to stalemates and massive casualties.

Fourteen Points

President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for postwar peace, emphasizing self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.

League of Nations

International organization proposed by Wilson to promote peace and cooperation; formed after WWI but the U.S. never joined.

Treaty of Versailles

1919 peace treaty that ended WWI; it imposed harsh penalties on Germany and established the League of Nations.