Amino Acid Anabolism

What causes the formation of phenylketones?

• Hydroxylase deficiency OR

• BH4 deficiency

What does accumulation of phenylaketones result in?

phenylketouria

What are the 3 types of Melanocytes?

Eumelanin, Pheomelanin, and Neuromelanin

Most common type of Melanocytes?

eumelanin = brown + black

What is Pheomelanin is a derivative of?

cysteine

Tyrosine aminotransferase

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid Dioxygenase (HPPD)

Homogentisate oxidase

Another name for Homogentisate oxidase?

Homogentisic 1,2-dioxygenase

Homogentisic acid

Maleylacetoacetic acid

Fumarylacetoacetic acid

Fumerate → TCA

Major gluconeogenic precursors (can be converted to pyruvate or oxaloacetate)

1. Lactate

2. Most AA = especially Alanine (glucose-alanine cycle)

3. Glycerol → DHAP

What is Glucogenic?

Amino acids that can supply the gluconeogenesis pathway via pyruvate or TCA intermediates

What is ketogenic?

amino acids can contribute to synthesis of fatty acids or ketone bodies

• Valine

• Alanine

• Leucine

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Tryptophan

Histidine

• Glutamate

  • Glutamine

  • Proline

  • Arginine

• Aspartate

  • Asparagine

  • Methionine

  • Lysine

  • Threonine

    • Isoleucine

• Serine

  • Cysteine

  • Glycine

What metabolic pathway is Phosphoenolpyruvate + Erythrose-1-phosphate a part of?

Glycolysis and PPP

What metabolic pathway is Ribose-5-phosphate a part of?

PPP

What metabolic pathway is 3-Phosphoglycerate a part of?

Glycolysis

What leads to vasorelaxation?

cGMP synthesis/activation

What inhibits PDE5A?

H2S