19.1 question set Evolution of Populations

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the evolution of populations, population genetics, and the principles of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

Gene

Unit of DNA that transmits genetic information and codes for a specific protein.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene.

Genotype

Specific alleles present in an individual.

Phenotype

Observable trait of an individual, determined by genotype.

Diploid

Organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes.

Haploid

Organism or cell having one set of chromosomes.

Microevolution

Small-scale changes in allele frequency of a population.

Macroevolution

Large-scale changes in allele frequency that give rise to new species.

Population Genetics

Field that measures the effect of natural selection on allele and genotype frequencies in a population.

Gene Pool

The sum of all alleles present within a population.

Genetic Drift

Change in allele frequencies in a population due to random chance.

Founder Effect

Change in allele frequency that occurs when a small group from a population establishes a new population.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Mathematical model predicting that allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant in absence of evolutionary influences.

Allele Frequency

The rate at which a specific allele occurs in a population.

Genotype Frequency

The rate at which a specific genotype occurs in a population.

p + q = 1

Formula to calculate allele frequencies in a Hardy-Weinberg population.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Formula to calculate genotype frequencies in a Hardy-Weinberg population.