development dynamics

define development

process of improving peoples lives.

what are the indicators of development

GDP

life expectancy

infant mortality rate

poverty line

dependancy ratio

literacy rate

maternal mortality

access to safe drinking water

define GDP and why does it matter

(Gross domestic product) it is the total value of goods and services produced in a country per year

it matters becuase it shows the economic strength

define literacy rate and why does it matter

the average age that people live in a country

it matter becuase it shows the healthcare and living conditions

define infant mortality rate and why does it matter

number of babies that die before the age of one per 1000 babies

it matter becuase it also shows healthcare

define poverty line and why does it matter

it is the minimum income that is required to meet basic needs

it is important becuase it shows how many people live in poverty

what is dependancy ration and why does it matter

the percentage of population of too young or too old to working age

this matters becuase it shows high ratio = more pressure on working

what is the literacy rate and why does it matter

the percentage of adults that can read and write

it matters because it reflects the education access and the quality of the education

what is maternal mortality and why does it matter

number of mothers per 100000 that die during giving brith

it matters becuase it shows healthcare access

what is access to safe drinking water and why does it matter

it is the percentage of water that is a clean and safe for people to drink

it matters becuase it shows the development for health

define HDI

(human development index) something created by the UN to measure development

the scale is 0-1, the more the number is closer to one, the more developed the country is from that factor

what are the three factors of HDI

life expectancy

literacy rate

GDP per capita

waht is GDP per capita

a persons average economic output in a country

define population pyramid

graph that shows the age and structure of a population

what would it mean if the population graph had a…

wide base

narrow base

bulges

indents

tall pyramid

upside down traingle

wide base = high brith rate

narrow base = low brith rate

bulges = shows immigration

indents = shows possibly disease and people are dying to it

tall pyramid = high life expectancy

upside down triangle = ageing population

define global inequality

uneven distributed of wealth, resources and opportunities in a country.

what are the causes of global inequality

physical environmental

history - colonialism

neo-colonialism

political and economic policies

how is physical environmental a cause of global inequality

landlocked countries

poor climate

frequent natural hazards occurring

how is neo-colonialism a cause of global inequality

rich countries will domiante the poorer countries using debt, trade and political influence.

how is history colonialism a cause of global inequality

colonies were exploited for resources and unequal trade can affect the development of a country.

how is political and economic politics a cause of global inequality

open economies attract investment, corrupted governments can affect the development.

what is the champagne glass distribution

a visual that shows the global income inequality, at the top 20% is the people that holds the top wealth and the bottom 20% have the littlest wealth.

what is the rostows model

it is a theory that shows the things that a country needs to go through to develop economically

what are the 5 stages in the rostows model and what is each stage about

traditional society

• agriculture based, little trading

preconditions before take off

• investing in industries and infrastrcuture

take off

• more trading, investing and technology creates manufacturing industries

age of high mass consumption

• wealth society, lots of goods and services being sold.

what are the strengths of the rosters model

easy to understand

show how countries can develop over time

what are the criticisms of the rostows model

assume all countries start equally

ignores countries that experience inequality

what is franks theory

shows how inequality is caused by the exploitation of poorer countries (peripheral) by richer countries (core)

what is the process of the franks theory

when periphery sells the raw materials to the core, the core turns it into a product for a high price that the periphery has to buy. This makes the periphery unable to develop since they are buying expensive imports form the core.

what are the strengths of the franks model

explains why global inequality happens

highlights exploitation and Neo colonialism

what are the criticisms of the franks model

some developing countries develop successfully

ignores factors such as government is corrupted

not all countries are colonised

define colonised

when a country is taken over by another country that is more powerful than them

what are the consequences of global inequality

economic

• 1 in 5 people live on less that one dollar a day , it is hard for the country to develop.

social

• 775 million people cannot read or write and 1 billion people lack of clean water access

environmental

• poorer countries are more vulnerable to natural hazards.

political

• some governments are corrupted

define migration

movement of people going from a place to another

why does migration occur

escape poverty

globalisation

transport improvements

what factors affect to development

aid

fair trade

remittance

debt relief

define globalisation

the interconnectedness of countries through trade, communication and migration

define aid

when grants or loans are given to the country to help develop

define trade

allows producers to sell directly to richer countries.

define remittance

money sent home by the immigrants

define debt relief

when the rich countries cancel the poor countries debt if they invest in sustainability

where is india around

nepal

china

pakistan

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea

wahat is the environment of India

contains lots of biodiversity

one of the largest greenhouses gases producers

waht is the culture in india

80% are hindu

15% are muslim

3% are christian

2% of sikh

what is the politics in india

one of the largest democracy

what is the society of india

1 billion people in india

16 million in mumbai

40 million live in slums

define economic liberalisation

where economy is opened up to private businesses and global trade

how did globalisation change Indias economy

reduced tariffs, taxes and monetary controls encouraging FDI (foreign direct investment) this is economy liberalisation

growth in containerisation and shipping increased exports

define TNC

(transational corporation)

where a buisness is in more than one country

how do TNCs operatie in india

by doing outsourcing

wokrers gain 3000 pounds per year (this is 20% of UKs average pay)

some workers earn more than doctors so brain fear occurs

define outsourcing

when TNCs move services to countires that have cheaper labour

define brain drain

when there is a loss of skilled workers from key sectors such as healthcare sector (eg doctor)

what industries are in india due to TNC

BT’s call centre is in Bangalore

Walmart, zara etc garment factories are in India

how did TNC change Indias economy

80 million employees were employed

300 billion pounds GDP

this makes india the 2nd largest GDP country

Indias economy increased by 7%

is there inequality on working Pay and how

yes, 70 percent of women workers are having the lowest salary

what are the development indicator for India
(GDP per capita, GNI per capita, HDI)

GDP per capita 1200 —> 6000 dollars

GNI per capita 2500 → 5500 dollars

HDI 0.5 → 0.6

what are the sector changes in the economy (for agriculture, manufacturing and services)

agriculture 40%→ 20%

manufacturing 17%→18%

services 45%→ 67%

what does india export

gems and jewlery

transport equipment

petroleum products

50% of it goes to India

waht does india import

oil

gold and silver

electronics

mainly comes from china

how much money has been invested into india (FDI)

250 billion dollars

what are the social impacts due to the economy change

rural to urban migration has increased

lots of demographic changes

• birth rate fell 30 → 20 per 1000

• life expectancy increased 60 →68

• infant mortality rate fell by 50%

what are the environmental impacts due to the economy change

increases air pollution

increases water pollution

increase in deforestation

increase climate change sicne idnai as the 2nd largest greenhouse affect producer

what is the GDP per capita for Maharashtra and Bihar and where does it come from

2500 pounds (Maharashtra)

• from series such as call centres

700 pounds (bihar)

• comes from farming