Fundamentals of Voice

What is an attractor state?

habitual way of speaking

What is the point where the true vocal folds met the thyroid cartilage called?

anterior commissure

Where are the cuneiform cartilage?

inside the aryepiglottic fold

Where are the corniculate cartilages?

on top of the arytenoid cartilage

Why does the vocal process of the arytenoid rock?

rocks to get closure

What is abduction? Where is the vocal processes of the arytenoid?

-open -vocal processes of the arytenoid are apart

What is adduction? Where is the vocal processes of the arytenoid?

-close -vocal processes of the arytenoid are closer together

What is a low hanging velum a sign of?

-snoring -restricted breathing

Do the vocal folds move during breathing?

yes, but they don't adduct

What is the velum also called?

-soft palate -nasal gate

What are the Estill vocal qualities?

-speech -falsetto -sob -cry -belt -twang -opera

What is the main trait of speech quality?

thick true vocal folds

What is speech quality called in the non-estill world?

modal speech

How would you explain speech quality?

-creaky -normal conversation loudness -clear

What is the quietest vocal quality?

falsetto

Where is the key difference between speech quality and falsetto?

at the level of the vocal folds

Can falsetto be done in all frequencies?

yes

What might also be considered falsetto?

stiff true vocal folds body cover

How would you describe falsetto quality?

-audible airflow -quiet -clear

How do you anchor in sob?

vertebrae are straighter and stacked on top of each other

How would you describe sob quality?

-deep -clear -not loud

What are biases associated with sob quality?

-dumb (Partick) -depressed (Eeyore)

Cry quality is similar to Sob quality with a _______ ________

higher larynx

What is resonant voice therapy based on? What is resonant voice therapy?

-cry quality -protocol to get someone to use cry

What is the loudest quality?

belt

What does AES narrow add to belt quality?

a point of constriction in the vocal fold

AES narrow adds a point of constriction in the vocal folds what does that result in?

a higher resonant frequency

How would you describe belt quality?

-clear -loud -strong

Twang can be either _______ or _______

-nasal or -oral

How is nasal twang produced?

low velum

How is oral twang produced?

high velum

what will unintended velopharyngeal insufficient (no velopharyngeal closure) effect? What will it cause?

-effects the whole system -makes VFs stiff

individuals who have nasal voice have ______ tvfbc because of a leak in the system

stiff

What can twang help do?

protect the voice

How would you describe twang?

-loud -bright -clear

Which quality is similar to belt?

opera

How would you describe opera quality?

-usually louder -deep

Which qualities have AES narrow?

-belt -twang -opera

Who was the developer and researcher of the six vocal qualities?

Jo Estill

What was Jo Estill's life's work?

learning about vocal anatomy

What unfortunately happen to all participants in Estill's x-ray research?

diagnosed with thyroid cancer

Estill Mode Table What are the figures?

-TVF1 -False vocal folds (FVF) -TVF2 -Thyroid cartilage -Cricoid cartilage -Aryepiglottic Sphincter -Larynx -Tongue -Velum -Jaw -Lips -Head and Neck -Torso

Estill Mode Table What does the figures TVF1 stand for?

True Vocal Folds: Onset or Offset

Estill Mode Table What does the figures TVF2 stand for?

True Vocal Folds: Body Cover

Estill Mode Table What are the options for TVF1?

-glottal -aspirate -smooth

Estill Mode Table What are the options for FVF?

-constrict -mid -retract

Estill Mode Table What are the options for TVF2?

-slack -thick -thin -stiff

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the thyroid cartilage?

-vertical -tilt

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the cricoid cartilage?

-vertical -tilt

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the AES?

-wide -narrow

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the larynx?

-low -mid -high

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the tongue?

-low -mid -high -compress

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the velum?

-low -mid -high

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the jaw?

-forward -mid -back -drop

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the lips?

-protrude -mid -spread

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the head and neck?

-relax -anchor

Estill Mode Table What are the options for the torso?

-relax -anchor

What does the effort dial vary depending on?

the person

What is effort?

the amount of work you put into making the figure options

What are the types of effort that someone can put into figure options?

-mental -physical

On the effort dial, what do low numbers mean?

-not that difficult for you -it may already be a part of your habitual voice/attractor state

On the effort dial, what do high numbers mean?

They are harder for you

Can high number get easier?

yes, with practice

What are the options for SPEECH QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- glottal FVF- mid TVF2- thick THY- vertical CRI- vertical AES- wide LARYNX- mid TONGUE- mid VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS- mid H&N- relax TOR- relax

What are the options for FALSETTO QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- aspirate FVF- mid TVF2- stiff THY- vertical CRI- vertical AES- wide LARYNX- mid TONGUE- mid VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS- mid H&N- relax TOR-relax

What are the options for SOB QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- smooth FVF- retract TVF2- thin THY- tilt CRI- vertical AES- wide LARYNX- low TONGUE- high VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS- mid H&N- anchor TOR- anchor

What are the options for CRY QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- smooth FVF- retract TVF2- thin THY-tilt CRI- vertical AES- wide LARYNX- high TONGUE- high VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS- mid H&N- anchor TOR- anchor

What are the options for Nasal Twang QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- smooth FVF- retract TVF2- thin THY- tilt CRI- vertical AES- narrow LARYNX- high TONGUE- high VELUM- mid JAW- mid LIPS-mid H&N- relax TOR- relax

What are the options for Twang QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- smooth FVF- retract TVF2- thin THY- tilt CRI- vertical AES- narrow LARYNX- high TONGUE- high VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS-mid H&N- relax TOR- relax

What are the options for OPERA QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- smooth FVF- retract TVF2- thick-thin THY- tilt CRI- vertical AES-narrow LARYNX- low TONGUE- compress VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS- mid H&N-anchor TOR- anchor

What are the options for BELT QUAILTY? TVF1- FVF- TVF2- THY- CRI- AES- LARYNX- TONGUE- VELUM- JAW- LIPS- H&N- TOR-

TVF1- glottal FVF- retract TVF2- thick THY- vertical CRI- tilt AES- narrow LARYNX- high TONGUE- high VELUM- high JAW- mid LIPS- mid H&N- anchor TOR- anchor

What is a simple way to describe attractor state?

default setting

What are the coordinative structures?

-filter -source -power

What is the power?

respiration system (torse and airflow)

What are important physical parts of power?

-lungs -diaphragm -trachea

What is the source?

phonatory system (larynx and TVF)

What is the filter?

resonatory system (Vocal Tract Structures)

What are the power factors that go into voice quality?

-aerodynamics -intensity -breath noise

What are the source factors that goes into voice quality?

-bioelasticity-aerodynamics -pitch and harmonics -intensity -tone clarity

What are the filter factors that go into voice quality?

-treble/bass balance -vowel and singers' formants -volume and loudness -consonants

Is breathing voluntary or involuntary?

can be either

What is the major muscle of inhalation?

diaphragm

What does the diaphragm separate?

abdominal and thoracic cavity

What position is the diaphragm in during expiration? What does the diaphragm do as it contracts for an inhale?

-domed position -flattens

If the diaphragm voluntary or involuntary?

involuntary

What is right below the diaphragm?

stomach, intestines, etc.

What are the forces of exhalation?

-torque -tissue elasticity -gravity

What is torque?

twisting of cartilage and its want to twist back after

What is tissue elasticity?

stretched tissues tend to return to original length

What are the three layers of protective closure for the airway?

-TVF -FVF -epiglottis

What is tidal breathing?

normal inhale and exhale (attractor state of breathing)

What is tidal volume also known as?

resting breath

How does someone typically breath during rest? Where is the tongue?

-through the nose -tongue resting on hard palate

Resting breath is __________

involuntary

What is residual volume?

air left in lungs after max exhale

What does residual volume do?

keeps your lungs from collapsing

What is Resting Expiratory Level (REL)?

after resting exhale the (involuntary) pause before you inhale

What is inspiratory capacity?

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

What is recoil breath?

the feeling of breath rushing in w/o having to actively breathe

How much of the breath cycle is exhale and inhale when you aren't talking?

50-50