Micrb Vocab List Week 1-5

Viroids

Acellular, bacteria viruse, needs something else to replicate its R(D)NA, no protrin coat

Virus

acellular, needs a host for replication, has prtein coat

Prions

misfolded protein that induces folding problems in normal variants of the same protein

Prokaryotes

Cellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Eukaryotes

Cellular organism that has a nucleus

Archea

Simiular in size and shape to bacteria but more similar cellular process to eukaryotes

Bacteria

the OG. Have a peptidoglycan layer and a cell wall

Fungi

Yeast and molds and mushrooms. the most diverse

Alge

photosynthic aquatic organisms

Protoza

free- living or parasitic eukaryotes, need a host, feed on organic matter

ribosomes

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins, made up of two subunits

nucleus

a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that acts as the control center, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating growth and metabolism. It facilitates gene expression, RNA processing, and separates the genome from the cytoplasm.

Nucleoid

irregularly shaped, non-membrane-bound region within prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) that contains the majority of the genetic material, typically a single, circular chromosome

golgi complex

a key cell organelle, a stack of flattened sacs (cisternae), that functions as a cellular "post office," modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into vesicles for delivery to their final destinations inside or outside the cell

Horizontal gene transfer

transfer of genetic information between different species or unrelated strains. methods: transformation, conjugation, transduction.

catabolism

Transforming molecues into building blocks and to produce energy

Anabolism

Synthesizing Macromolecules

Spirillum

bacteria (GN) thick spiral shape

Spirochete

Thin, long, spiral shape (GN)