ASTRONOMY Unit Review (Defenitions)
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40 Terms
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Solar system
the sun and all the objects in the orbit around it.
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planet
a large collection of matter that is generally spherical and revolves around the sun.
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cosmology
the study of the origin of the universe
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Star
a very large collection of matter that emits on the intense amount of energy (light and heat)
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constellation
star groupings
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polaris
the north star
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longitude
measured from east to west from the 0 degree line that crosses Greenwich, England
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latitude
measured from the Equator to either the North Pole or the South Pole
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Geocentric
Earth was the center of the universe
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Helocentric
sun-centered system
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The Sun
A medium sized star composed of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium.
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Supernova
Core that collapses and explodes.
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Low mass star
Very cool in temp. and ends their life span by forming a cool, dim, star called white dwarf
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Intermediate mass star
Fuels hydrogen into helium for energy
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High mass star
emits extremely large amounts of energy for a short period of time
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Apparent magnitude
the brightness of the star that we see
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absolute magnitude
the actual brightness of the star
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spectroscope
splits light up into a pattern of colours, like a rainbow
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Electomagnetic spectrum
consists of a visible spectrum of energy that we can see, as well as other energy that we cannot see.
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Blue shift
When light shifts are compressed, the light emitted appears more purple in colour
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Red shift
when light waves are spread out (or further apart), the light emitted appears more red in colour.
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Galaxy
huge collections or gas, dust, and billions of stars. The force of gravity attracts the tars in a galaxy to each other.
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Quasar
Looks like a small star, limits up to 100 times more energy than our galaxy, emits radio waves.
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Star cluster
contain 10 000-1 000 000 stars that are fairly close to each other and travel together.
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light year
the distance that light travels in a year
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astronomical unit
the distance between the sun and the earth
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parsec
measurement for distance that is equal to 3.26 light years
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planet
smaller than stars, and do not emit light
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asteroid
chunks of rock/metal that orbit the sun but are too small to be called planets. (minor planets)
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trojan
asteroids with orbits that cross paths with earth
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comet
chunks of ice/dust that orbit the sun
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meteroid
lumps of rock that can be trapped by earth's gravity and can be pulled into earth's atmosphere.
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meteor
meteoroids that enter earth's atmosphere
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shooting star
the streak of light produced across the sky as the meteor burns up.
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meteorite
meteoroids that do not completely burn up as meteors in the earth's atmosphere may strike the earth's surface.
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crater
bowl shaped holes on the earth's surface, made by large meteorites
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meteor shower
when earth passes through debris left behind from an old comet, there may be a swarm of visible meteors in the night sky.
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globular cluster
collections of 100 000 to 1 000 000 stars held together by gravity, arrnged in spherical shapes.
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neutron star
formed by very high mass stars, contracting even further.
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astronomy
the study of all objects in the universe.
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